An open lesson in social studies on the topic: “What is an ideal.” 6th grade.

Author of the material:

Inna Trofimova

writer, psychologist, gestalt therapist

It is ideality that will ensure my happiness, many believe. But research by psychologists from the University of Kansas City has shown that our ideas about the ideal do not remain unchanged even for a few minutes. In addition, beauty ideals are simply implanted into our consciousness without our knowledge. In this article, we will tell you why waiting for an ideal partner leads to loneliness, and we will share techniques that will help you get closer to your ideal self.

In the dictionary D.N. Ushakova

IDEAL, ideal, husband. (from Greek idea - idea) (book). The highest, difficult to achieve degree of perfection in something, the conceivable limit of aspirations and desires. The ideal of beauty. The ideal of a person. Ideally is not the same as in reality. “It is impossible to imagine the ideal of a future society without combining education with the productive labor of the younger generation.” Lenin. | The highest goal that guides all activities is what a person strives for. Political ideals. Live without ideals. “My ideal now is a housewife and a pot of cabbage soup.” Pushkin. | The best, most perfect example.
She was the ideal woman.

Concept and types of values

Note 1

Values ​​represent a wide class of mental objects - beliefs, stereotypes, rules, ideals, concepts that have a high level of significance for the individual, influence the processes of planning and carrying out activities, as well as the choice of goals and direction of its actions.

Each person has many values, which are organized into a value hierarchy. Values ​​are not equal. In the practical activities of an individual, situations may repeatedly occur when different values ​​come into conflict with each other, and the individual has to make a choice in favor of one of them.

The following types of values ​​can be distinguished:

• material – values ​​of the property-physiological spectrum;
• spiritual – values ​​associated with abstract, intangible categories of personality development and its spiritual life;
• moral – values ​​of ethical interaction;
• aesthetic – values ​​of the idea of ​​beauty and ugliness;
• social – values ​​associated with interpersonal interaction and attitude towards society.

Perhaps you didn't know:

Antinomy is a term in Kantian philosophy that denotes the state of duality of pure reason, as well as the contradiction of its laws and equally provable provisions.

“The thing-in-itself” is one of the central concepts of epistemology, and then of Kant’s ethics. This concept denotes things as they exist outside of us, by themselves (in themselves), as opposed to how they are “for us.”

The Absolute Spirit is in Hegel’s philosophical system the final link in the development of the spirit, realizing the self-consciousness of the absolute idea. Having passed through the stages of subjective spirit and objective spirit, the spirit ascends to absolute knowledge.

Modern times

Subsequently, ideals continued to change. Both blondes and brunettes were in fashion. Hair had to be either long or cut short, breasts - sometimes small, sometimes lush.

Recently, quite thin girls with long legs, a flat stomach and a thin waist are considered beautiful. Large eyes are valued, and a miniature nose.

The most interesting thing is that the fashion for a slim physique has developed due to ordinary mannequins in stores. Sellers skimped on material, creating thin dolls, but the things sat on them so beautifully that women wanted to have a similar figure.

Excerpt characterizing the Ideal

- No, I’ll do it myself, just teach me. Everything is easy for you,” she added, responding to her smile. - If only you could see how he told me this! After all, I know that he didn’t mean to say this, but he said it by accident. - Well, you still have to refuse. - No, don't. I feel so sorry for him! He is so cute. - Well, then accept the offer. “And then it’s time to get married,” the mother said angrily and mockingly. - No, mom, I feel so sorry for him. I don't know how I'll say it. “You don’t have anything to say, I’ll say it myself,” said the countess, indignant that they dared to look at this little Natasha as if she were big. “No, no way, I myself, and you listen at the door,” and Natasha ran through the living room into the hall, where Denisov was sitting on the same chair, by the clavichord, covering his face with his hands. He jumped up at the sound of her light steps. “Natalie,” he said, approaching her with quick steps, “decide my fate.” It's in your hands! - Vasily Dmitrich, I feel so sorry for you!... No, but you are so nice... but don’t... this... otherwise I will always love you. Denisov bent over her hand, and she heard strange sounds, incomprehensible to her. She kissed his black, matted, curly head. At this time, the hasty noise of the countess's dress was heard. She approached them. “Vasily Dmitrich, I thank you for the honor,” said the countess in an embarrassed voice, but which seemed stern to Denisov, “but my daughter is so young, and I thought that you, as a friend of my son, would turn to me first.” In this case, you would not put me in the need of refusal. “Gafinya,” Denisov said with downcast eyes and a guilty look, he wanted to say something else and faltered. Natasha could not calmly see him so pitiful. She began to sob loudly. “Countess, I am guilty before you,” Denisov continued in a broken voice, “but know that I adore your daughter and your entire family so much that I would give two lives...” He looked at the countess and, noticing her stern face... “Well, farewell, lady,” he said, kissed her hand and, without looking at Natasha, walked out of the room with quick, decisive steps. The next day, Rostov saw off Denisov, who did not want to stay in Moscow for another day. Denisov was seen off at the gypsies by all his Moscow friends, and he did not remember how they put him in the sleigh and how they took him to the first three stations. After Denisov’s departure, Rostov, waiting for the money that the old count could not suddenly collect, spent another two weeks in Moscow, without leaving the house, and mainly in the young ladies’ room. Sonya was more tender and devoted to him than before. She seemed to want to show him that his loss was a feat for which she now loves him even more; but Nikolai now considered himself unworthy of her. He filled the girls' albums with poems and notes, and without saying goodbye to any of his acquaintances, finally sending all 43 thousand and receiving Dolokhov's signature, he left at the end of November to catch up with the regiment, which was already in Poland. After his explanation with his wife, Pierre went to St. Petersburg. In Torzhok there were no horses at the station, or the caretaker did not want them. Pierre had to wait. Without undressing, he lay down on a leather sofa in front of a round table, put his big feet in warm boots on this table and thought. – Will you order the suitcases to be brought in? Make the bed, would you like some tea? – asked the valet. Pierre did not answer because he did not hear or see anything. He began to think at the last station and continued to think about the same thing - about something so important that he did not pay any attention to what was happening around him. Not only was he not interested in the fact that he would arrive in St. Petersburg later or earlier, or whether he would or would not have a place to rest at this station, but it was still in comparison with the thoughts that occupied him now whether he would stay for a few days. hours or a lifetime at this station. The caretaker, the caretaker, the valet, the woman with Torzhkov sewing came into the room, offering their services. Pierre, without changing his position with his legs raised, looked at them through his glasses, and did not understand what they could need and how they could all live without resolving the questions that occupied him. And he was preoccupied with the same questions from the very day he returned from Sokolniki after the duel and spent the first, painful, sleepless night; only now, in the solitude of the journey, did they take possession of him with special power. No matter what he started to think about, he returned to the same questions that he could not solve, and could not stop asking himself. It was as if the main screw on which his whole life was held had turned in his head. The screw did not go in further, did not go out, but spun, not grabbing anything, still on the same groove, and it was impossible to stop turning it. The caretaker came in and humbly began to ask His Excellency to wait only two hours, after which he would give courier for His Excellency (what will happen, will happen). The caretaker was obviously lying and only wanted to get extra money from the passerby. “Was it bad or good?” Pierre asked himself. “For me it’s good, for another person passing through it’s bad, but for him it’s inevitable, because he has nothing to eat: he said that an officer beat him for this. And the officer nailed him because he needed to go faster. And I shot at Dolokhov because I considered myself insulted, and Louis XVI was executed because he was considered a criminal, and a year later they killed those who executed him, also for something. What's wrong? What well? What should you love, what should you hate? Why live, and what am I? What is life, what is death? What force controls everything?” he asked himself. And there was no answer to any of these questions, except one, not a logical answer, not to these questions at all. The answer was: “If you die, everything will end. You’ll die and find out everything, or you’ll stop asking.” But it was also scary to die. The Torzhkov merchant offered her goods in a shrill voice, especially goat shoes. “I have hundreds of rubles that I have nowhere to put, and she stands in a torn fur coat and timidly looks at me,” thought Pierre. And why is this money needed? Can this money add exactly one hair to her happiness, peace of mind? Could anything in the world make her and me less susceptible to evil and death? Death, which will end everything and which should come today or tomorrow, is still in a moment, in comparison with eternity.” And he again pressed the screw that was not gripping anything, and the screw still turned in the same place. His servant handed him a book of the novel in letters to m m e Suza, cut in half. [Madame Suza.] He began to read about the suffering and virtuous struggle of some Amelie de Mansfeld. [Amalia Mansfeld] “And why did she fight against her seducer,” he thought, “when she loved him? God could not put into her soul aspirations that were contrary to His will. My ex-wife didn't fight and maybe she was right. Nothing has been found, Pierre told himself again, nothing has been invented. We can only know that we know nothing. And this is the highest degree of human wisdom." Everything in himself and around him seemed to him confusing, meaningless and disgusting. But in this very disgust for everything around him, Pierre found a kind of irritating pleasure. “I dare to ask your Excellency to make room for a little bit, for them,” said the caretaker, entering the room and leading behind him another traveler who had been stopped for lack of horses. The man passing by was a squat, broad-boned, yellow, wrinkled old man with gray overhanging eyebrows over shiny eyes of an indeterminate grayish color. Pierre took his feet off the table, stood up and lay down on the bed prepared for him, occasionally glancing at the newcomer, who with a sullenly tired look, without looking at Pierre, was heavily undressing with the help of a servant. Left in a worn-out sheepskin coat covered with nankin and in felt boots on thin, bony legs, the traveler sat down on the sofa, leaning his very large, short-cropped head, wide at the temples, against the back and looked at Bezukhy. The stern, intelligent and insightful expression of this look struck Pierre. He wanted to talk to the passerby, but when he was about to turn to him with a question about the road, the passerby had already closed his eyes and folded his wrinkled old hands, on the finger of one of which there was a large cast-iron ring with the image of Adam’s head, sat motionless, either resting, or about thinking deeply and calmly about something, as it seemed to Pierre. The traveler's servant was covered with wrinkles, also a yellow old man, without a mustache or beard, which apparently had not been shaved, and had never grown on him. A nimble old servant dismantled the cellar, prepared the tea table, and brought a boiling samovar. When everything was ready, the traveler opened his eyes, moved closer to the table and poured himself one glass of tea, poured another for the beardless old man and handed it to him. Pierre began to feel uneasy and necessary, and even inevitable, to enter into a conversation with this passing person. The servant brought back his empty, overturned glass with a half-eaten piece of sugar and asked if anything was needed. - Nothing. “Give me the book,” said the passerby. The servant handed him a book, which seemed spiritual to Pierre, and the traveler began to read. Pierre looked at him. Suddenly the traveler put the book aside, laid it closed, and, again closing his eyes and leaning on the back, sat down in his previous position. Pierre looked at him and did not have time to turn away when the old man opened his eyes and fixed his firm and stern gaze straight into Pierre’s face. Pierre felt embarrassed and wanted to deviate from this gaze, but the brilliant, senile eyes irresistibly attracted him to them. “I have the pleasure of speaking with Count Bezukhy, if I’m not mistaken,” said the traveler slowly and loudly. Pierre silently and questioningly looked through his glasses at his interlocutor. “I heard about you,” continued the traveler, “and about the misfortune that befell you, my lord.” “He seemed to emphasize the last word, as if he said: “yes, misfortune, whatever you call it, I know that what happened to you in Moscow was a misfortune.” “I’m very sorry about that, my lord.” Pierre blushed and, hastily lowering his legs from the bed, bent over to the old man, smiling unnaturally and timidly. “I didn’t mention this to you out of curiosity, my lord, but for more important reasons.” “He paused, not letting Pierre out of his gaze, and shifted on the sofa, inviting Pierre to sit next to him with this gesture. It was unpleasant for Pierre to enter into conversation with this old man, but he, involuntarily submitting to him, came up and sat down next to him. “You are unhappy, my lord,” he continued. -You are young, I am old. I would like to help you to the best of my ability. “Oh, yes,” Pierre said with an unnatural smile. - Thank you very much...Where are you passing from? “The face of the traveler was not kind, even cold and stern, but despite that, both the speech and the face of the new acquaintance had an irresistibly attractive effect on Pierre. “But if for some reason you don’t like talking to me,” said the old man, “then just say so, my lord.” - And he suddenly smiled unexpectedly, a fatherly tender smile. “Oh no, not at all, on the contrary, I’m very glad to meet you,” said Pierre, and, looking again at the hands of his new acquaintance, he took a closer look at the ring. He saw Adam's head on it, a sign of Freemasonry. “Let me ask,” he said. -Are you a Mason? “Yes, I belong to the brotherhood of free stonemasons,” said the traveler, looking deeper and deeper into Pierre’s eyes. “Both on my own behalf and on their behalf, I extend a brotherly hand to you.”

What is idealism?

Idealism is a direction in philosophy, according to which consciousness is primary and matter is secondary.

The main feature of idealism is that the existence of physical objects is impossible outside of consciousness, that is, perception is the key factor. According to idealists, it is consciousness that is the unique instrument that allows a person to perceive the world , which means that in its absence the world does not exist. In this regard, the human body must exist as ideal, since only in this case can it become perceptible to the finite person. However, it is important to note here that idealists do not deny the existence of the physical world ; from their point of view, consciousness only endows objects with substantial properties, which, as a result, allows them to be subsumed under the category of matter.

Idealism is a fairly old theory, as it arose approximately 2.5 thousand years ago. However, the term “idealism” itself was derived and formulated only in the 18th century, when the German mathematician and idealist Leibniz described Epicurus and Plato as the greatest materialist and the greatest idealist. In 1749, Diderot, a supporter of materialism, called idealism the most absurd version of the system of all existing ones.

Literature

• [www.biblioteka3.ru/biblioteka/pravoslavnaja-bogoslovskaja-jenciklopedija/tom-5/ideal.html Ideal] // Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia. Volume 5. Petrograd edition. Supplement to the spiritual magazine “Strannik” for 1904.
• Guseinov, Abdusalam Abdulkerimovich, Apresyan R. G. Ethics. - M., 2002. Topic 15. Ideal.
• Ilyenkov E.V. About idols and ideals. - M.: Politizdat, 1968. −319 p.
• Ilyenkov E.V. Philosophy and Culture. - M., 1991. Section 3. Ideal and ideal.
• Ivin, Alexander Arkhipovich Modern philosophy of science. - M., 2004. Ch. 4. Ideals of science.
• Dubko E.L., Titov V.A. Ideal, justice, happiness. M.: MSU, 1989
• Livshin M.A. About the ideal and the real // Question of philosophy 1984. No. 10
• Moore J. Principles of Ethics. M.: Progress, 1984. P. 275—323
• Sart J.P. The problem of ends and means in politics // Epic thought: Scientific and journalistic readings. M.: Politizdad, 1992. pp. 251-261
• Soloviev V.S. Justification of good // Soloviev V. S. Op. in 2 vols. T.1. M.: Mysl, 1988

New time

The new time that followed the Middle Ages brought with it new ideals. States became more secular, and girls again began to emphasize their appearance. Red hair styled in complex hairstyles, a thin waist, blue eyes and bright lips came into fashion. All the charms were carefully emphasized by skillfully selected clothes.

This was followed by the Renaissance period, during which artists and poets began to glorify a completely different figure. It has become necessary for a real woman to have curvaceous hips to the point of obvious cellulite, large breasts on which bones do not stand out, a rounded tummy and full shoulders and neck.

During the Rococo era, excess weight was no longer in fashion. It was enough for the girl to be slightly plump, but to still have a visible waist. The beautiful face invariably had a snub nose, full lips, and often a double chin. The hair was styled in the most unimaginable hairstyles, which could only be preserved if one did not take a bath for a long time. They used wigs and accompanied all this by wearing huge headdresses up to a meter long.

All these excesses were gone by the time of classicism, when ideals became similar to ancient times.

Middle Ages

The Middle Ages saw the peak of religious fanaticism. Female beauty was declared sinful, people were not supposed to think about earthly things. As a result, the medieval ideal was a girl with a pale oval face, large eyes and miniature lips. Also in fashion was a high forehead, symbolizing spirituality, and a thin, long neck. Women sought to visually conform to these ideals by shaving the hair at their temples and the back of their heads.

Large breasts were considered a sign of rudeness, so girls from an early age were forced to wear metal plates that prevented the development of curves. But being too slim was dangerous, because all women lighter than 49.5 kg were suspected of witchcraft and could easily be handed over to the Inquisition. Therefore, gaining extra pounds was not forbidden; in any case, all the curves of the body had to be securely hidden under spacious dark-colored robes.

Links

• Bichenko S. G.
  [www.zpu-journal.ru/e-zpu/2012/4/Bichenko_The-Ideal/ The ideal in romantic theory and realistic artistic practice: thesaurus approach] // Information humanitarian portal “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill". - 2012. - No. 4 (July - August) ([www.webcitation.org/6AoIviLeq archived in WebCite]).

When writing this article, material was used from the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron (1890-1907).

Connection with other words

Words containing -ideal-:

• imperfect

Words starting with ideal-:

• idealizer
• idealization
• idealized
• idealism
• idealist
• idealistic
• ideality
• ideal

What is the ideal (adjectives)?

Selection of adjectives for words based on the Russian language.

high bright vital moral romantic political unattainable new communist some social aesthetic own noble humanistic social knightly supreme other former contradictory great other Christian necessary socialist old national beautiful democratic female general religious embodied republican spiritual peasant any human ascetic ethical dumb American false any unattainable revolutionary abstract age-old true paternal similar ancient Platonic positive universal human male main former artistic folk dramatic traditional certain

What can an ideal do? What can you do with the ideal (verbs)?

Selection of verbs for words based on the Russian language.

stay turn out to be different influence exist correspond to perish disappear collapse seem to imagine get incarnate become cost crumble serve fade have remain force see live do find find trample disintegrate desire mean form force imply reduce conclude evaporate bring coincide put forward fade stretch endure surpass change stroll outlive make appear change dream to be required to exhaust turn to sprout dream to be present to lose try to be border to enter fade to be realized to hide behind

Associations to the word ideal

life imitation future end salvation man power era reality portrait ascetic image concept eye woman benefit art reason style area help point world attitude society patriarchy gold face man question cube sky west quality writer past theme practice step correspondence reader nile nature TV symbolist cynicism weapon Russia reality lover of life education childhood John son-in-law heart ruler Christianity principle triumph Berenice intention politician hundred calculation

Synonyms of ideal

delirium top top vision doom interest illusion interest dream model hope sample original prototype ghost ghost example quirk prototype prototype self-deception dream method type utopia fantasy chimera goal dream self-delusion

Hyponyms for ideal

1. little god

Scope of use of the word ideal

Mathematics General vocabulary Psychology Diplomatic term Slang