Communication culture is a complex collective concept that determines the quality and level of perfection of communication. The culture of communication is considered an inseparable component of the culture of the individual. It characterizes value guidelines and normative postulates, moral models of communication, the essence of the moral and psychological qualities of the subjects of communicative interaction, methods, tools, rules, techniques and forms of communication.
The culture of communication contains a set of practical techniques, mechanisms and rules. Cultivated communication allows an individual not to transfer conflict situations in the professional sphere to the emotional and personal area of interpersonal interactions, to understand the meaning and motivation of the opponent’s actions, to reduce or completely eliminate excessive emotional outburst in relationships.
What is meant by “communication”?
Communication is a very complex intellectual process. It includes creating new contacts and developing them. A person feels the need to carry out joint activities with other people.
Joint practical activities, in turn, imply a full exchange of information and the development of a common interaction strategy. It is also important to be able to understand other people.
Communication is how we influence other people. Communication allows you to effectively organize joint theoretical and practical activities.
Through communication, a person is able to develop and maintain interpersonal relationships. This, in turn, allows you to assimilate other people’s experience, accumulate knowledge and skills. Communication plays a big role in satisfying spiritual needs. With the help of communication, people adopt other people's beliefs and views, assimilate new moral aspects and experience new feelings.
We believe that when it comes to communication between people, the central concept in this type of activity should be the concept of “culture of communication”.
In order to better understand the meaning of this term, you need to break it down into its components and initially discuss each individual word.
What qualities help communication (grade 6)
If we talk about high-quality and productive communication, thanks to which there is a desire to create and satisfy real life needs, then we can name the following qualities:
- sympathy;
- interest;
- Love;
- compassion;
- mutual assistance;
- friendship;
- justice.
Such qualities give energy, motivate people to do more in the same time, and the process itself brings pleasure.
When a person uses positive qualities, another mechanism is activated - a positive one, which, with long-term use, brings a positive result. And communication that is based on negative qualities has a destructive effect on other groups.
Sociability, openness, positive emotionality, a broad outlook of the interlocutor, the ability to find an interesting topic, the ability to listen to others, and a wide vocabulary also play a big role in communication.
“Culture” from the point of view of researchers
The term “culture” today is characterized by different authors in completely different ways. In everyday life, culture is often understood as a behavioral pattern that one should follow. Some define culture as intelligence. It is believed that culture is a quality of a person’s personality.
From a theoretical point of view, culture is a feature of society that reflects the current level of development and determines people’s attitude towards other people and towards nature. Some perceive culture as the creative abilities of an individual. Others refer to culture as a characteristic of society as a whole.
There is also a point of view that culture is the material and spiritual values of a person. Culture demonstrates the degree of development of society as a whole and of a given individual. Culture determines how creative activity is carried out, how new knowledge is acquired, stored and transmitted to other people.
According to psychologists, culture is a fairly stable personality property, which includes a worldview and axiology and demonstrates a person’s attitude towards other people and the world around him.
Although culture is often perceived as a property of an individual, the cultural values prevailing in society characterize its state as a whole. Part of culture is morality, which is nothing more than a norm adopted by society for building relationships between its individual members. Morality must be objective and have social significance.
Introduction
Linguistic culture and communication are important for the development and education of a person as an individual, and in modern education this aspect is given great importance.
And since education and culture are two interrelated processes, language can introduce education into the context of culture. The role of language in the life of society has been increasing throughout human history. The amount of circulating information per capita can serve as an indicator of the level of development of society.
Language is a mirror of culture, it reflects not only the real world surrounding a person, not only the real conditions of his life, but also the social consciousness of the people, their mentality, national character, way of life, traditions, customs, morality, value system, worldview, attitude.
This is a treasury, a repository, a storehouse of culture. It preserves cultural values - in vocabulary, grammar, proverbs, idioms, folklore, fiction and scientific literature, forms of written and oral speech.
Language is not only a means of communication and expression of thoughts, but also the accumulation of cultural values.
One of the most important indicators of a person’s level of culture, his thinking, his intelligence is his language. A well-developed language is one of the most important means of active human activity in modern society. Language is a form of knowledge of reality. On the one hand, the enrichment of a person with new ideas and concepts largely depends on the richness of the language; on the other hand, good command of language and colloquial speech contributes to the successful recognition of complex relationships in nature and in society. Language is one of the ways of communication that people need in their joint activities, social life, exchange of information, training, education; it enriches people spiritually and serves as a subject of art.
Language culture, as a rule, is understood as a concept widespread in Soviet and Russian linguistics of the 20th century that combines mastery of linguistic norms of oral and written speech, as well as “the ability to use expressive language means in various communication conditions.”
Morality of communication
There is also the term “communication morality.” It has a synonym – “communication ethics”. These are all humanistic norms and values taken together that affect relationships between people.
Ethical standards are based on the fact that it is necessary to respect your own dignity and the dignity of those around you, all people are equal, relationships between them must be built on the principles of humanity and justice. The main motives that determine a person’s behavior are his habits, values, needs and beliefs.
Why is there no person without communication? (6th grade)
A person cannot do without communication. Very often, adults who devote most of their time to work say that they do not have time to socialize. The younger generation devotes almost all of their time to communication.
True, the younger generation communicates mainly via mobile phones and the Internet. People communicate very often on business and just like that and probably never think about how much time they waste.
It is very difficult for people to get rid of the habit of talking more about themselves and occupying their interlocutors with their problems. They know the rules of communication, but often forget them.
When people meet their acquaintances and friends, they express their delight loudly, make noise, shout, without noticing others, and sometimes without even hearing their interlocutors. And during an argument, each person tries in any way to defend his point of view. Maybe in this case you just need to move the conversation to another topic. It happens that a person is having fun, he is in a good mood. And he wants to share his joy with others.
A person cannot live in isolation, away from society. In the modern world you cannot do without the help of your neighbor. And you can’t get by in this world without communication. Every person participates in various communicative situations at least once a day. In the store you need to communicate with the seller, at school with the teacher, at home with your parents. It is impossible to sit silently all day long. In the process of communication, a person receives the necessary knowledge, he develops, enriches his inner world, gets to know himself and others. Without communication, a person simply cannot exist.
What is etiquette?
We understand the term “etiquette” as a set of rules concerning the behavior by which a person shows his attitude towards others. This affects areas such as the way a person speaks, greetings, clothing and mannerisms. If someone follows the rules of etiquette pedantically, this does not make the person highly cultured, because etiquette is not just rules that should be manifested externally.
True culture comes from the heart of a person and is based on how he truly relates to the people around him.
The same applies to children. Their culture of communication should also be based on respect for adults and peers, and a friendly attitude towards them. Also, the child must have a developed vocabulary that would allow him to produce the necessary forms of address. This also includes skills for polite behavior in everyday life and in public places.
How to refuse correctly
Sometimes it happens that an awkward situation arises where you need to refuse a particular offer. This can be done using different tactics. The form of refusal is chosen based on the possibility of providing or not providing assistance, the proximity of communication with the person, the personal attitude towards the interlocutor, and the type of request.
Speech subtleties of refusal:
- A decisive "no"
If the situation requires an immediate response, you should not delay in refusing. A trembling voice and shifting eyes will let your interlocutor know that you are not confident in yourself. As a consequence, this opens the horizon for repeated manipulation.
- Arguments
When justifying your refusal, repeated requests or reproaches are not acceptable according to the ethics of communication. If this occurs, then this is evidence of the level of communication culture of the other person, and you have the right to leave. But refusing without explaining the reason is unacceptable.
- Defensive posture
There is no need to back up your verbal refusal with a psychological block in the form of crossed arms or legs. Such behavior can offend your interlocutor.
- Reproaches towards the petitioner
Under no circumstances should you shame or accuse another person of impudence for trying to ask for something. His right to ask, yours to refuse. Most often, in such a situation, notations are not needed. But you can at least provide moral support.
Communication culture and its norms
According to the works of M.A. Chernyshev’s culture of communication is the norms of interaction between people existing in society. These norms are the reference standards for communication within a certain social group. Each nation has its own culture of communication, which is reflected in its national identity.
The culture of communication can be compared to the unique stamp of each nation. After all, every nation has its own unique history of development, national traditions and way of life formed over centuries.
If we consider the culture of communication in a narrow sense, then this is the extent to which a person has mastered the communication skills accepted in the society in which he is located.
The culture of speech is an integral part of the culture of communication. According to the works of A.M. Gorky, purity of speech is the main way to preserve human culture as a whole. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to cultivate a speech culture in people. A preschooler must have a sufficient vocabulary, be able to succinctly express his thoughts and feelings, and speak calmly in any circumstances.
National traits
A feature of speech etiquette in Russia is the obligatory address to a stranger, business partner, or work colleague. The transition to “you” is possible in such cases with the mutual consent of all persons who communicate with each other. Addressing “you” is common among relatives, friends, classmates at school, classmates in educational institutions. It is unacceptable to address teachers and teachers in kindergartens as “you”, both from students and pupils, and from their parents. It is incorrect to use “you” in relation to doctors, police officers and other representatives of professions to whom people turn for help. Subordinates may only address their superiors using “you.” The manager's address to subordinates is not strictly regulated.
Culture of communication in preschool age
Preschool age is the time when children learn the basic grammatical features of their native language. Children learn to produce simple speech utterances. At this age, it is already necessary to teach children to address adults by name and patronymic, using the pronoun “You”.
Already at this age, you need to work on the purity of pronunciation, teach children to speak at a calm pace, without stretching out the words, but also without speaking in a tongue twister.
When a teacher organizes various joint activities as part of educational activities, children try to adjust their speech, taking into account the content of the material, the rules of the lesson, and watch their words. However, it is important to accustom the child to the culture of speech in normal everyday communication.
A child must have the habit of adhering to ethical standards in any type of activity, including during independent activities. Speech culture has a beneficial effect on the activity of communication between peers during the game and helps to avoid numerous conflicts.
Functions
- Communication is the leading function of speech etiquette for communication between people.
- Stylistic - the concept of the style of language and speech.
- Normative - about the norms of language and speech, unacceptable vocabulary, the laws of everyday and business speech etiquette.
- Exemplary - templates for the best oratorical speech.
- Cognitive – through the principles of speech etiquette, understanding the world around us.
- Cumulative - accumulation of knowledge about the culture of the language and speech etiquette in order to improve the connection between generations.
Communication structure
Communication culture is a structural system that consists of the following elements: communication, interactivity, perceptivity.
If a person has formed a culture of communication, then he has a whole system of moral beliefs that are part of his personality. In order to effectively implement a culture of communication, you need to master the technology of building relationships in a variety of circumstances. The qualities that a person exhibits, his behavior - all this is an indicator of how well his communication culture is formed.
Today, science divides the culture of communication into three main components: the normative component, the communicative component and the ethical component.
If we single out the most important one among these three, it would be the normative component. It is based on literary norms and the ability to use them in one’s own speech. However, it is not always necessary to speak correctly. After all, it is also important to consider who the speech is for and how knowledgeable this person is about the topic and interested in it.
What helps peers communicate (grade 6)
People spend their entire lives communicating: talking, texting, sending each other letters, SMS, or communicating via the Internet. But the easiest way for us to communicate is with our peers. This happens for the reason that when communicating with his peers, a person feels like an equal.
With the older generation, you will always act as a child. Of course, you need to treat older people with respect, listen to their advice, not offend or be offended, and show attention to them. To your parents, you will always be a child.
Your peers are people who are approximately the same age as you. They live in different countries, in big cities and small towns and villages. They grow up, think about themselves and others, evaluate good and evil, and comprehend the difficult science of life among such different people. In science this is called reflection.
Communication methods
Human language uses a huge arsenal of methods that allow you to find the most suitable words in order to explain the essence of the issue under discussion.
It is necessary to choose such language tools that allow you to effectively complete the tasks for which communication is organized at the moment. And how well a person copes with the choice of these means is the communicative component of the culture of communication.
If we talk about the aesthetic component, then this is how well a person observes the norms of social behavior, whether he shows respect and goodwill towards the people around him, and whether he knows how to behave tactfully and delicately.
So, in this work, the culture of communication is understood as all the combined knowledge and skills that allow people to carry out purposeful interaction, during which they adequately select and use suitable means of communication, are able to predict the impact of the speech produced on the interlocutor, and are able to understand information coming from others .
Today, science divides the culture of communication into three main components: the normative component, the communicative component and the ethical component.
Determining cultural norms of speech
Language norms (literary language norms, literary norms) are the rules for the use of linguistic means in a certain period of development of a literary language, that is, the rules of pronunciation, spelling, word usage, and grammar. A norm is a pattern of uniform, generally accepted use of linguistic elements (words, phrases, sentences).
A linguistic phenomenon is considered normative if it is characterized by such features as: Correspondence to the structure of the language; mass and regular reproduction in the process of speech activity of the majority of speakers; public approval and recognition.
Linguistic norms were not invented by philologists; they reflect a certain stage in the development of the literary language of an entire people. Language norms cannot be introduced or abolished by decree, they cannot be reformed by administrative means. The activities of linguists who study language norms are different: They identify, describe, codify, explain and promote linguistic norms.
Major sources of language norms include:
- Works of classical writers;
- Works by contemporary writers who continue classical traditions;
- Publications in the media;
- Common modern usages;
- Evidence from language research.
Characteristic features of language norms are: relative stability; prevalence; common use; universal obligatory; compliance with the use, habit and capabilities of the language system.
Norms help the literary language maintain its integrity and understandability. They protect the literary language from the penetration of dialect language, social and technical jargon, and vernacular. This allows the literary language to perform one of the most important functions - cultural.
A linguistic norm is a set of the most stable traditional implementations of the language system, selected and established in the process of public communication.
The normality of a language is its compliance with the literary and linguistic ideal. S.I. Ozhegov emphasized the social side of the concept of norm, which consists in the selection of existing, newly formed and taken from the passive stock of linguistic elements. S.I. Ozhegov drew attention to the fact that norms are supported by social and linguistic practices (fiction, stage speech, broadcasting).
In the early twentieth century, literary works and radio broadcasts could indeed serve as models of normative use. Today the situation has changed. Not every literary work and not every radio and television program can serve as an example of normative use of language. The scope of strict adherence to language norms has narrowed significantly; only some programs and magazines can be used as examples of literary normative language.
B.N. Golovin defined a norm as a functional property of language: “A norm is a property of the functional structure of a language, created by the team that uses it, in connection with the constant need for better mutual understanding.”
A language system that is constantly in use, created and changed by the collective efforts of those who use it. Something new in the language experience that does not fit into the framework of the language system, but seems functionally appropriate, leads to a switch in it, and each subsequent state of the language system serves as a basis for comparison for the subsequent processing of language experience. Thus, language develops and changes in the process of speaking, and at each stage of this development the language system necessarily contains elements that have not completed the process of change. Therefore, various fluctuations and variations are inevitable in any language.
Each new generation relies on existing texts, stable idioms, and forms of thinking. From the language of these texts, he selects the most suitable words and phrases, takes the relevant ones from those developed by previous generations and introduces his own to express new ideas, perceptions, a new vision of the world. Of course, new generations reject what seems archaic to them and does not correspond to the new way of doing things.
