Know yourself - this ancient saying is still relevant today. The outstanding psychologist of the 20th century C. Jung classified people's psychotypes based on introversion and extraversion. Why do we need to know what psychotype this or that person belongs to? Why do we need to know our personal psychotype and temperament?
These questions became pressing for me when I got a job in a small team. That’s when I realized that close cooperation with colleagues is impossible without the right approach to a person as an individual. Carl Jung was absolutely right when he described the attitude-bound person.
In this article I want to tell you how to use knowledge about personality types in order to have the right approach to each individual. This knowledge will make our life easier and give us the right orientation among the many psychotypes of people.
What is a psychotype?
Temperament is usually understood as the totality of innate psychological development in combination with the processes of excitation and deceleration in the brain. A melancholic person corresponds to a weak type with high activity of the nervous system, while a choleric person corresponds to a strong, explosive temperament. A phlegmatic person can be stably balanced, but inert, while a sanguine person can be balanced and stable.
Character is a manifestation of temperament in society. It can change throughout life and manifest itself differently in different circumstances. However, character properties can only be considered stable manifestations, those that are inherent to a given personality. An important role in the formation of character is played by the environment, the social group in which the individual is located and develops a person’s personal qualities. According to scientific data, it is believed that a psychotype is a set of pronounced character traits.
Despite the variety of definitions and terms identified by specialists and scientists, only one psychotype of personality with pronounced character traits is considered suitable. However, there are practically no people who fit only one description.
Each person has character traits from various classifications. Some always appear clearly, while others appear only in rare situations or are weakly expressed. To understand others, it is important to know what a person’s psychotype is and how it is determined.
Self-knowledge helps to identify traits in yourself that interfere with communication with loved ones or in life situations and need adjustment. The ability to identify different aspects of character will help you develop in the right direction and be more successful in life, and showing attentiveness towards other people will help you build the right relationships and predict your interlocutor’s reaction to a particular topic. Knowledge of psychology also identifies the right type of people with whom it will be easy to communicate.
TOP types of thinking of men and women
The characteristics of the last group are the coolest. Of course, these types of thinking occur in both men and women. Here a person lives life to the fullest: he is brave, kind, active and happy. And besides everything else, he is adequate to his surroundings.
And this does not mean at all that our hero will laugh boisterously all the way and tremble from an excess of energy. This guy will be able to experience all the states that were discussed. But at the same time he will not stick to them.
One morning at dawn I looked into the neighboring garden...
By the way, during World War II, horse units were effective in wooded areas, where tanks did not pass or passed with great difficulty, and only by Soviet crews. And here our cavalry let the Germans take the piss.
Here is a squadron of horsemen flying out of the forest, throwing Molotov cocktails at German tanks. And at this time the Krauts are having lunch, you know: they eat their sausages, but this time without beer. There was no beer - I had to wash it down with schnapps.
They peacefully fill their stomachs, do not kill anyone, and do not harm anyone at all, such citizens in uniform with a swastika are absolutely peaceful. Well, while they were figuring out what was what, our tanks burned theirs, and like devils they disappeared into the forest, taking a couple of officers as a trophy.
Then, in their memoirs, Nazi generals complained that the Russians did not fight honestly. They, they say, honestly and nobly slaughtered half of the civilian population of Belarus alone. And the Russian partisans burned their equipment during lunch! Barbarians!
In such conditions, of course, horses are much, much more effective than tanks. If you use them wisely.
What have you been drinking?
We move on to an emotion called fun. Fun is not the state of a person who constantly laughs and puts kilometer-long smiley faces. This is a person who enjoys his life and who is very, very successful in life. He can do much more than maintain the state of something once and forever through an established ritual.
This guy is able to improve activities, make them more successful and efficient. He is able to study something with interest and truly discover something new. In general, this is such a very valuable person and such people, when they are in a team, they are certainly its driving force.
Such people tend to hum something while they work. In general, they work with undisguised pleasure, and not only do they work this way, but they also live to the delight of themselves and those around them. Although sometimes others are somewhat suspicious of this condition, because for themselves it occurs only as a result of drinking a strong drink with the inevitable punishment in the form of a hangover.
Who really makes it spin?
Further - more and then the person rises higher in mood and reaches enthusiasm. This is a bomb! A person becomes capable of decisive, powerful actions, which often lead him to very serious goals. This comrade, like no one else, is capable of achieving, capable of not just swimming after someone in the fairway, but he himself often leads others.
There are very few such people, and such people certainly included our Marshal of Victory Zhukov, and Korolev, who sent Gagarin into space, and Gagarin himself, who calmly said “Let’s go” before the launch. These could have been the last minutes, or even seconds of his life - a man of great courage. He was one of the best sons of our Fatherland.
There were also many others who worked and made all this possible, and among them were a huge number of our Kulibins - people who were real enthusiasts of their work. The presence of such people in society ensures the existence of this society in time.
When such high-toned people are rolled away, rolled out and destroyed en masse, then the very existence of the country becomes questionable. In fact, our entire civilization rests on such people. These are exactly the people who “spin the earth’s axis.” These are the same passionaries that Lev Gumilyov wrote about.
How to determine a person's psychotype?
The Swiss C. G. Jung became the first creator of the classification of psychotypes, which laid the foundation for the science of personality - socionics. The interaction of an individual in society is based on theories of other teachings about human behavior.
In total, the scientist identified eight types. Socionics has identified 16 types, taking as a basis two areas of personality: introverts and extroverts. The first ones have the following names and characteristics:
✔️Logical-intuitive. Doesn't like empty talk, communicates in essence. Uses logic or intuition to answer questions.
✔️ Intuitive and logical. He is careful in decisions, weighing the pros and cons, and does not take risks. Loves comfort and tranquility in everything.
✔️Logical-sensory. Pedant and realist.
✔️ Sensory-logical. Punctual, honest, sensitive.
✔️ Ethical-intuitive. A good friend who empathizes and gives advice has the qualities of a nurturer.
✔️ Intuitive and ethical. He feels people and can win them over. Likes to look good and relax.
✔️ Ethical-sensory. He doesn’t let strangers into his soul, he stands up for his family.
✔️ Sensory and ethical. He tolerates routine calmly, does not conflict, appreciates attention and care.
The second direction has the same names, but with an extraversion bias.
✔️Logical-intuitive. Soberly assesses circumstances, which does not interfere with risk. Able to not succumb to provocations, strictly following his goal.
✔️ Intuitive and logical. He does not like monotony, he is full of new ideas, bringing them to life.
✔️Logical-sensory. He is caring and sociable with loved ones, but sometimes stubborn. Perhaps this helps to always finish what you start.
✔️ Sensory-logical. A born winner at any cost. Tends to subjugate.
✔️ Ethical-intuitive. An emotional and persistent personality, he calculates everything in advance.
✔️ Intuitive and ethical. Thanks to his powers of observation, he senses people's moods. Will support you in difficult times.
✔️ Ethical-sensory. He has influence over people, but is also capable of self-sacrifice.
✔️ Sensory and ethical. Knowing how to manipulate people, he hides his true nature so that it will not be used against him.
The given characteristics are very relevant in our time, they help to identify problems in society.
Really Intelligent Personality Types in Psychology
Homo Sapiens is a reasonable person: in fact, he is not always reasonable. But in these states of his (personality types in psychology), he already really thinks adequately to the surrounding situation.
We ate, we can sleep...
Then the person goes into a state of boredom. He has lost his goal or has not yet found it. He has nothing special to do, he’s bored with life: he picks his nose. This state is somewhat similar to the state of apathy. But this is already a sober-minded person, although not particularly brave and not particularly intelligent. But he is already more or less reasonable!
This is such a normal, friendly person, he is not particularly passionate about anything, he somehow floats through life somewhere. He does not pave the way in his life towards any goal, therefore he is carried through life by the current, by fate. Well, he gets married, has children, goes to work...
Each of us is bored and it happens that the goals we were striving for suddenly turned out to be out of reach. And it seemed like there was nothing special to do, it was unclear where to go, what to do... Somehow my friends and I were planning to get out together. And then suddenly one has a runny nose, another has the flu and is mortally bored - it’s unclear how to pass the time...
Then someone crawls out of this swamp: “Maybe we can go snowboarding?” “Exactly, right there we have a ski slope. Lets go. And let’s meet the girls!” That's it, cool - let's go. The man had a goal that really turned him on and he set off towards it.
In a state of boredom, a person already understands what you say to him. He is already here, and not somewhere in the past or on the shadowy border. He still has nothing special to do here, somehow he doesn’t really have any goals.
Well, of course, about sex, eating, sleeping - that’s all there, but for the most part these are the goals not of the individual himself, but of his body, which he controls like the driver of his car.
Traditions are everything to us!
And at a higher level, a person becomes able to continue doing something constructive. It is extremely important for him that this business of his continues in the same form as it has always been, since the time of King Pea.
For example, during the First World War, she ruled the cavalry. There were no high-speed motorized military vehicles back then. And without horses there was nowhere to go. Accordingly, horsemen, carts, transportation of guns, shells, and all supply of troops were simply unthinkable without horses.
Technology then developed by leaps and bounds, and with the onset of World War II, riders switched to tanks, motorcycles, trucks, and armored cars. All this allowed troops to move more quickly. Strike power and mobility have increased.
Of course, it was necessary to fight taking into account these modern weapons. Fighting the Germans on horseback would have been somewhat strange during the Great Patriotic War. So they ride out to you on a tiger, and you are in front of them on horses with checkers. In general, this is absurd.
And a person is in a state of conservatism; he tends to adhere to old traditions and old orders. This in itself is very good and correct, but the world is changing and not taking this into account is somewhat unreasonable. Therefore, you may be interested in the article How to learn to be sociable and interesting :-).
Psychotypes according to Freud
Sigmund Freud founded the first school of human psychology. Firmly convinced that childhood is the basis for the development of personality, he emphasized the study of children, highlighting the types of psychotypes. The scientist believed that the experiences and stress received by the child would leave a mark on the psyche and result in problems with health and behavior.
He divided childhood into several stages, the definitions of which are formed from the influence of various organs and sexual zones. According to Sigmund Freud, a child is born with a certain amount of psychosexual energy, which subsequently goes through all stages. The development of libido is formed into 4 human psychotypes. He called the first three pregenital (oral, anal, phallic - from 0 to 5 years), and the fourth - genital (puberty).
Hysteroid radical
The main distinguishing feature of a hysteroid is a weak nervous system. All his energy goes into making the first impression, after which he is exhausted, so he cannot concentrate on performing the same tasks for a long time. Successes appear spasmodically, with breaks for the restoration of the nervous system.
To restore his rapidly depleted energy, he feeds off others, drawing attention to himself in various ways.
The hysterical radical rejoices when people look at him and talk about him.
One should not expect great achievements from such a person, since his knowledge and skills are very superficial. Such individuals crave to know a little bit about everything in order to impress others at the right time. But once you dig a little deeper, it becomes clear that the person does not have any serious knowledge.
A hysterical radical spends most of his energy on creating an image. He is confident that he is able to solve any problem, even if he has no knowledge in this area. Often creates the illusion of well-being and success.
Such people do not have a core personality, because they are in a state of plasticine all their lives. A person who pays attention to clothing and appearance has a hysterical radical in his character.
Psychotypes of personality: external signs and behavioral characteristics
In the last century, psychiatrist Kretschmer identified types, combining them according to body constitution:
✔️ Athletic. Well built muscular man. Height is above average.
✔️ Asthenic. People are tall, thin, with undeveloped muscles.
✔️ Picnic. He is a short, plump man with an undeveloped musculoskeletal system.
Being a psychiatrist, E. Kretschmer compared types according to physique and tendency to psychopathology, identifying two psychotypes:
1. Cyclothymics.
People who have a picnic physique, have a cheerful, frivolous disposition, and are sociable. With an absolutely healthy psyche, they vaguely resemble patients with manic-depressive psychosis.
2. Schizotimics.
Artistic, aloof, selfish, domineering. Despite their mental health, they resemble patients with schizophrenia.
The theory, based on personal observations, later served as the basis for the division into more complex types. Some scientists have also come to the conclusion that body shape is directly related to character, individual personality traits and propensity for psychopathology.
Character traits are undoubtedly important in determining a psychotype, but people have differences in their attitude to life, society, and moral values. There is a concept of “correct” behavior, but not everyone conforms to common standards. The German psychoanalyst Fromm, having united some groups of individuals with similar interests and temperament, introduced the concept of “social character,” which he took as the basis for classifying types.
Psychotypes of people, classification and principles according to the separation method of E. Fromm:
☑️ Sadist-masochist. An insecure person who sees society as guilty of personal failures. For this reason, he shows aggression towards others, terrorizes them, justifying his actions with good intentions. People of this type are demanding, responsible, striving for self-improvement. Psychological sadism almost always goes hand in hand with masochism, but there are people who can only be classified as one of these types. The individual qualities of a sadist are authority, rigidity, and demand for submission. The characteristics of a masochist are self-criticism, self-flagellation, and the search for guilt in oneself.
☑️ Automatic conformist. A passive type, resigned to life's difficulties, not trying to fight for a better existence.
☑️ Destroyer. He does not harm himself or those around him, but, having seen the cause of his troubles, he mercilessly eliminates it. He can interrupt the work he has started if he senses an unpleasant moment in it, thereby destroying the cause of concern. People of this type are prone to anxiety, despair, and are often cowardly.
☑️ “I am.” An immoral type, an opportunist, changing his point of view depending on the situation, without seeing anything shameful in this. Does not have certain life values, or his own ideas.
There are whole directions for revealing types. Astrology can determine future character traits by the child's birth date, horoscope and the location of the stars. Palm readers are able to discern a person by the lines on the hand. Small observations will help you find out how to determine a person’s psychotype by appearance:
1. A long, pointed nose belongs to a person with a strict character. A wide shape indicates rudeness, while a snub-nosed and upturned shape indicates capriciousness and frivolity.
2. Eyes. Deep-set ones indicate envy and greed of their owner, large ones belong to dreamy natures, and the usual medium shape indicates curiosity.
3. Lips. A person with a small mouth has a weak character. If the upper lip is larger than the lower lip, this is a sign of selfishness, on the contrary, of determination. Thin lips indicate secrecy.
Whatever the typology, no matter who its founder was, each has the right to exist, complementing each other. In the description of characteristics, a person can recognize himself and feel his uniqueness.
