The essence of the status-role concept of personality

Social status of an individual This is the position of a person in society, characterized by functions, rights and responsibilities.

We all perform certain functions in different areas of our lives. The status of a doctor is significant from the position of the patient, the head of the hospital, etc. Responsibilities exist to ensure that a person properly performs his social functions. The social role cannot completely determine the model of behavior, since its implementation is also closely related to the character of the individual.

Status personality set

Status set of personality
This is a set of status positions.

One and the same person can simultaneously be a son, a husband, a Russian citizen and a military serviceman. Within the framework of a personality’s status set, the following components are distinguished:

prescribed status - the status we receive from the moment we are born. It includes everything related to innate characteristics (gender, nationality);
achieved status - a status acquired by a person as a result of efforts or a successful combination of circumstances (spouse, surgeon);
mixed status - a status that has signs of being prescribed and achieved, that is, one that a person did not receive at the time of birth and not at his own request (unemployed, disabled due to a car accident);
main status. In modern society, it is most often determined by the professional field in which a person is involved, or his main occupation (Nobel Prize winner).

Rights and responsibilities as an integral component of status

Any status contains a set of rights and obligations, being an element of the social division of labor:

rights show what an individual can tolerate or allow in relation to other people;
duties indicate to the status holder the necessary actions in relation to something or someone.

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The responsibilities are characterized by the following:

strictly fixed, defined in regulations, instructions, rules or enshrined in custom;
make behavior predictable, limit it to the necessary limits;
imply individual responsibility for their conscientious implementation;
determined by the level of social development and culture of society.

In a democratic society, rights and responsibilities are distributed more or less evenly and symmetrically. In a totalitarian society, this position is asymmetrical: authorities have many rights and minimal responsibilities, and, conversely, ordinary citizens have few rights and many responsibilities.

The level of social development of society directly depends on the relationship and compliance with the rights and responsibilities of members of society.

Differences between people due to ascribed status are noticeable to varying degrees. As a rule, a person (group of people) strives to occupy the most advantageous position in society.

Some social strata increase their status by uniting in various movements (union of entrepreneurs, women's movements) and lobbying their interests everywhere.

Finished works on a similar topic

Course work Features of social status 410 ₽ Abstract Features of social status 280 ₽ Examination Features of social status 210 ₽

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Factors preventing changes in group status:

attempts by other groups to maintain the status quo;
ethnic contradictions;
lack of strong leaders, etc.

Role conflicts

A situation in which the same person performs several roles inevitably leads to role tension, i.e. difficulties arising from failure to perform a role.

There are 2 types of role conflicts:

Role conflict between roles . It occurs when the successful performance of one social role leads to a decrease in the quality of performance of another social role. For example, a man who provides for his family and, due to his workload, spends little time with his children, successfully copes with the role of a professional worker and has difficulty fulfilling the role of a husband and father.
Role conflict within one role . It arises in the event of a conflict of interest. For example, honesty and integrity may conflict with the desire to make easy money. In such situations, internal stress may arise.

Details of the status image

Have you ever thought about how one landowner could keep thousands of peasants in obedience and fear? How could the tsarist general send recruits, drafted for twenty-five years, to certain death, in wars that were of no use to anyone except a handful of aristocrats? Let's reveal the secrets of the bosses!

I once had the opportunity to read a report on leadership and the ability to put boors in their place. The students were teachers who attended lectures at the Teacher Training Institute. I don’t know how it is now, but back then this organization held a wide variety of activities, including entertainment ones. Unfortunately for me, it turned out that the same group of listeners had previously attended lectures by an astrologer, a Roerich scholar and a psychic, and therefore my every word was met with distrust. It is possible that this was due to my very young age.

The apotheosis of the event was the question of one of the listeners: “Can you determine who is the director and head teacher in our school by the aura above the group photo?” It became clear to me: if I say that I don’t do such things, the listeners will immediately disperse, and I answered with importance: “Determining by the aura is too simple. But I can describe your director and both head teachers without even looking at the photograph!” Next, I went to the board and divided it into two parts. I titled the first part “Your bosses”, the second – “Subordinates”, and explained that on the left I would write the signs of members of the administration and those who will soon be in it, and on the right I will list the signs of those who are not destined to be in power, and if they are there turn out to be due to a random coincidence of circumstances, their reign will be short-lived and will end in scandal and expulsion.

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As I recorded, the faces of the listeners took on an increasingly interested expression. Here and there exclamations began to be heard: “But this is our director!.. And our head teacher looks exactly like that!” and so on. One old teacher began to lament: “We all love our Marya Andreevna so much, she is such a good, intelligent person, but it turns out that she is not destined to become either a director or even a head teacher! Is there really nothing that can be done? Then I moved on to explanations.

– Watch videos of various events: weddings, competitions, school parties, meetings and banquets. Notice that leadership types and behaviors are repetitive. For example, when at school evenings and meetings all the teachers are given the floor in turn, almost none of them comes to the middle and comes close to the audience. But the director or head teacher always does this. Most of those leaving begin to speak while still walking, and the head teacher or director first takes a stable pose, then looks around the audience, and only then begins a speech, even if it consists of a couple of words. Many teachers, in addition to this, also look around at the head teacher or director, even if they say some banal congratulations to the graduates.

The most important feature that distinguishes a head teacher (or a person who is destined to soon become one) from a mere mortal is the ability to loudly pronounce consonants, and especially the sounds “z”, “ts”, “s”, “d” and “t”. The indicator of the “speech of the head teacher” is the word “do.” If a person pronounces the consonants in this word dully, and it turns out something like “gelak”, he will not see the position as his ears. Moreover, no one listens to the opinion of such a person and they do not consider him a strong person. The classic head teacher pronounces this word as “dzelatsya”. In other words, in the speech of everyone who knows how to command, there are “kicks” and “whistles”. Noticeable “S”, “CH” and “TH” seem to symbolize the increased energy of their owners, the whistlers pierce you like a sword, and with the elastic “CH”, “C”, “TH” such people seem to push you away from themselves, holding you distance. This applies not only to head teachers, but also to any successful bosses who easily inspire respect.

People who pronounce consonants softly and dullly seem to lack inner strength and the ability to stand up for themselves. It is these people who are the “scapegoats” in any team, and it does not matter at all whether they speak loudly or quietly. If you speak loudly, but only vowels stand out in your speech, woe to you: those around you perceive you as a person applying for a role that you cannot handle. In general, without clearly pronouncing whistles, you cannot make a career as a boss.

To achieve the bossy "s", bring the tip of your tongue to the base of your teeth rather than pushing it back towards the hard palate. By the way, in almost all people speech defects are associated precisely with the habit of pushing the tongue back, which in turn is really associated with cowardice. Pronounce “Z” and “S” alternately so that they become sonorous to exactly the same degree, then practice other sounds in the same way until they become defiantly sonorous.

By the way, the director and his deputy must embody different qualities. They want to see a deputy director as an active person who can monitor the observance of order, so it is easier for a person with an intimidating appearance to become a deputy director. The head teacher or director's hair should not be smoothed, but styled so that the hairstyle rises at least a little above the head. The forehead should definitely be open, combing the hair back, although sometimes there are bosses who prefer short bangs “a la Kashpirovsky” (with a convex forehead, it looks very intimidating). Teachers who occupy a subordinate role in the service hierarchy always have long bangs that cover their foreheads. It should also be noted that teachers who do not aspire to a managerial position tend to wear shoes that look like slippers, and the authorities prefer clattering heels, sometimes with metal heels.

A person's appearance also influences whether they are trusted with the financial affairs of an organization.

What should you look like to be trusted with money?

The director is the person who is responsible for the financial affairs of the organization, so the director is usually chosen a person whose body evokes associations with a money bag. Thin and agile people are extremely rare directors, and are certainly criticized for “waste,” no matter how wisely they conduct business. However, if the director is well-fed, he remains above suspicion, because it seems to his employees that he does not spend, but only accumulates financial resources. The illusion of “accumulating and not wasting” funds is also caused by specific facial features, especially the outer corners of the eyes, which are lowered down. Thus, it seems that the face has a closing contour. In addition, this detail inspires others with the illusion that a person has renounced his own interests and lives only in the interests of the organization (the last observation belongs not to me, but to S. Popov, the author of the book “Think and Grow Rich in Russian”).

A person entrusted with finances will be more trusted if he wears glasses. The reason is the same: glasses are another “accumulating” element. In other words, glasses seem to be a kind of barrier that will not allow money to “run away to nowhere.” Directors without glasses are more likely to become victims of criticism, or even slander, because of their financial activities, and in general it is difficult for a person without glasses to get their hands on significant funds. The frame of glasses is also of great importance for the career of a boss. An inspection practically does not threaten a person with huge glasses that cover half the face, especially if the frames are white (I think this style is called “dragonfly eyes”). Others simply do not have the courage to take any action to check his activities. True, when another person with the same impressive appearance appears in the institution, the era of impunity passes.

Medium-sized glasses with thin metal frames or even without glass frames (such as Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev had during the period of his greatest popularity) amazingly convince others that in front of them is a person who is unusually intelligent and insightful. The absence of a frame on the glass creates the impression that a person sees everything around “many kilometers ahead” and keeps everything under control. His insight seems to have no boundaries. It seems to the opponents of such a person that he has a whole staff of invisible spies. Such glasses on the nose of an investigator, prosecutor, or judge drive even an innocent person into panic (by the way, Beria had exactly the same ones).

Of course, neither his glasses, nor his hairstyle, nor his figure, nor his diction affect a person’s real business qualities, except that they give him self-confidence. Unfortunately, people judge others 90% not by their actions, but by their appearance. Therefore, when trying to intimidate you and put you at a “lower rank,” imagine your opponent with bangs, without glasses, in shoes without heels, and having lost a fair amount of weight, and before you criticize your boss—thin, tongue-tied, and without glasses—think about whether it’s necessary do it!

Ways to resolve role conflicts

There are protective mechanisms with the help of which inter-role and intra-role conflicts are resolved.

Rationalization is a method that hides conflict by searching for the negative aspects of an unattainable social role. For example, an applicant who was unable to enter the university of his dreams explains this by the inadequate requirements of entrance examinations.
Role separation is a method expressed in the temporary absence of functioning of one social role. For example, a military doctor who is in a hot spot, and from whom problems that have arisen in his family are hidden.
Role regulation is a way of completely refusing responsibility for an action, shifting the blame to large social groups.

These unconscious and conscious mechanisms allow the individual to avoid the unpleasant consequences of intra-role and inter-role conflicts. So, a person, being a social being, performs different social roles, interacting with different social groups. As a result, conflict situations become inevitable, the competent resolution of which will allow one to successfully implement several social roles at once.

1. Calm colors

If the presence of white in your wardrobe is limited to a basic T-shirt, and beige to a couple of sets of underwear, you should urgently be inspired by the example of the most stylish girls who create complex looks in exclusively light shades. Taming them is more difficult than spending years dressing according to ready-made formulas like “white top, dark bottom,” but it’s worth it. After all, it is light colors—pretentious and, in some cases, frankly non-functional—that convey that very confidence and prosperity, filling the wardrobe with air.

2.Minimalism in the choice of prints

The presence of iconic prints (bright abstractions by Emilio Pucci, golden monograms by Versace) is certainly a sign of a status wardrobe. However, a recognizable design requires skillful handling and appropriate stylization. If today you don’t have time to think through a complex look and select accessories, put together a monochrome set of plain items in a restrained color palette - this is a universal way to look expensive and elegant. You can experiment with combinations of shapes, textures and shades of the same range: for example, complement neutral beige with light brown, almond color or deep coffee.

3. Light-colored shoes

White and beige shoes are not the most practical, but the only possible addition to an outfit in light shades. Notice how much more cohesive and fresh the image becomes in a single color scheme. The basis of the collection can be white sneakers and nude pumps, and complemented by white mules and light brown loafers.