Philosophical concepts of worldview, attitude and worldview (page 1 of 2)

Updated July 24, 2021 817 Author: Dmitry Petrov
Hello, dear readers of the KtoNaNovenkogo.ru blog. Each of us has an idea of ​​how our world “works”: in each head there is a personal picture of it.

Guided by our principles, beliefs and stereotypes, we decide for ourselves what is possible and what is not, what is good and what is evil, and we determine our place in it. All of the above can be called in one word – worldview.

The role of worldview in human life

For all people, without exception, worldview acts as a kind of beacon. It provides guidelines for almost everything: how to live, act, react to certain circumstances, what to strive for, what to consider true and what to consider false.

Worldview allows you to be confident that the goals set and achieved are important and significant both for the individual and for society as a whole. Depending on one or another worldview, the structure of the world and the events taking place in it are explained, the achievements of science, art, and people’s actions are evaluated.

Finally, the established worldview provides a person with peace of mind and confidence that everything is going as it should. Changing external events or internal beliefs can lead to an ideological crisis. This happened among representatives of the older generation during the collapse of the USSR. The only way to cope with the consequences of the “collapse of ideals” is to try to form new (legally and morally acceptable) worldviews. A specialist can help with this.

How to change your worldview?

Worldview can undergo changes as a person grows up and acquires new knowledge. It often happens that after some event people completely change their lives and their views on it. Inveterate atheists become churchgoers, and experienced businessmen drop everything and retire to some quiet place. A person’s worldview can be improved, striving for moral ideals, learning new things, communicating with different people, and traveling. You need to read a lot - psychological, philosophical literature.

Worldview, its types and forms

There are certain components of worldview:

1. Knowledge
   . They can be scientific, professional and practical. This is the first element of any worldview. The larger the circle of knowledge, the firmer the life position.
2. Feelings
   . Types of worldview manifest themselves in accordance with a person’s subjective reaction to external stimuli. Depending on the mental state, the reaction can be either positive, associated with joy and pleasure, or negative, associated with sadness, grief, and fear. There is also a moral aspect - this is duty, responsibility.
3. Values
   . The concept of worldview is closely related to values. They can be significant, useful and harmful, but they are perceived through the prism of one’s own goals, interests and needs.
4. Actions
   – positive and negative. This is how a person shows his own views and ideas in practice.
5. Convictions
   are strong, strong-willed. This is a set of personal and social views that are a kind of engine and basis of life.
6. Character
   – will, faith, doubts. Based on the ability for independent and conscious action, self-confidence, trust in others and self-criticism, a worldview is formed and developed.

Philosophical worldview

It is defined as system-theoretical. It differs from the mythological worldview in the high role of reason: if myth uses emotions and feelings as support, then philosophy uses logic and evidence. This type of worldview studies the forces that rule the world. Philosophy and worldview emerged simultaneously in Ancient India, China and Greece. At the same time, a worldview can exist outside of philosophy, but philosophy itself forms a worldview. Philosophical knowledge is elitist and not accessible to everyone. Rarely do pundits get carried away by it.

Religious worldview

It arose from the mythological and is based on belief in supernatural forces. As religious movements developed, many mythological features faded into oblivion, but rigid dogmatism and a system of moral commandments remained. Worldview types that include piety and holiness imply dependence on higher powers. At the heart of this worldview is fear of the unknown. A holistic religious worldview was formed when indisputable systems of dogmas and commandments appeared that determined the sinfulness and holiness of certain thoughts and actions.

Mythological worldview

This type was formed in the conditions of primitive society, when it was based on a figurative perception of the world. Mythology is closely connected with paganism and acts as a set of myths, spiritualizing material objects and phenomena. This human worldview is mixed with the sacred and the profane, but at its core is faith. According to tradition, a follower of such a worldview is able to rise to the level of god, and all the existing myths were useful from a practical point of view and were a guide to action.

Scientific worldview

This worldview arose as the opposite of the mythological and religious. The scientific picture of the world is based on the concepts of law and regularity. The main types of worldview - mythological and religious - are based on fictitious, arbitrary and supernatural reasons, and science develops in the course of complicating work and solving practical problems. Such a progressive worldview provides an opportunity to draw new knowledge from previously acquired knowledge. Rationality, transferred to religion and mythology, gave impetus to the development of philosophy.

Everyday worldview

This attitude is formed by itself in each person and is the core of common sense. The peculiarities of the worldview lie in the fact that its development partly depends on genetic inheritance. In the course of upbringing by parents, communication with friends and loved ones, and contact with the environment, values, priorities and life attitudes are formed, which by puberty acquire the features of a very specific worldview. The characteristics of the native language and the degree of its assimilation, as well as labor and tool activity, are of utmost importance in this process.

Historical worldview

In history, the types of worldview remain the same - mythological, religious and philosophical. For those who are interested in what kind of worldview there is, it is worth saying that the first was a myth - a fictitious plot, a figment of the people's imagination. Religion is closely related to mythology: both of them presuppose the presence of a mythological system and provide for the basis of myths on faith. Philosophy acts as a special way of cognition, because what a worldview is is a theory or science that studies the fundamental principles of being and knowledge.

Vision of the world

A person’s system of views on the surrounding reality and his ability to master it, his ethical values, the generalization of the natural scientific, technical, philosophical and other knowledge at his disposal, this is what a worldview is.

The term was first introduced in the late 18th century to mean “view of the Universe” by the German philosopher Kant. Only from the second half of the 19th century. it began to mean a system based on judgments about the world and the place that a person occupies in it.

In fact, this concept means the complex interaction of various blocks of knowledge, beliefs, emotions, thoughts and moods, combined into a kind of understanding by people of the surrounding reality and themselves in it.

Each individual, having his own set of opinions and views on reality, can unite in groups, communities, families or other organizations with people with similar judgments. Depending on what values, points of view or life programs determine their consciousness, nations, various layers of society, an intellectual or social elite, or classes are formed.

Levels of worldview

The concept of worldview contains three levels:

1. The first is the everyday kind of thinking, emphasizing life experience, common sense, instinct and hunches. It includes the largest part of society.
2. The second level is more specific. It includes a person's knowledge consisting of experience in various professions, science, politics and art.
3. The third is the highest. He's more philosophical. He studies the development of a person’s mind on a spiritual level, analysis of his actions and search for the source of his problems. Mostly outstanding people and representatives of philosophical science reach this level.

Worldview is built through worldview. People have different percentages of positive and negative conceptualization, which form more accurate life positions in the human mind.

Positive thinking pulls a person towards the complication of historically established systems. It is based on the concept of the past, as the only subjective form of reality. Such understanding underlies the life of humanity on earth.

Negative thinking, on the contrary, attracts to simplify the established system. The essence of this type is that the past is time that has already passed, the present is preparation for the future, and the future is their subjective reality. Most individuals with negative thinking constitute the anti-system.

How is a worldview formed?

The overall picture of the world is formed in the process of education, training and socialization in society. In general, the formation of a worldview is a very slow and gradual process and depends on the quality of individual knowledge. Young people with insufficient experience and knowledge have an unstable worldview, which makes them an easy target for various manipulators - politicians, religious representatives, etc. As one grows up, the system of life values ​​strengthens, determining the individual’s behavior and acting as a guide to action.

Worldview function

The worldview function of philosophy is considered one of the most important.

It reveals the ability of philosophy to act as the basis of a worldview, which is an integral, stable system of views about the world and the laws of its existence, about the phenomena and processes of nature and society that are important for maintaining the life of society and man. The worldview of an individual appears in the form of a set of feelings, knowledge and beliefs. A special role in a person’s worldview is played by ideas about the principles that determine his relationship to the world, society and himself.

A worldview in its form can be:

- mythological

- religious

- philosophical.

It depends on what basis it is based on - mythological, religious or philosophical ideas. The basis of the mythological worldview is made up of myths, that is, fantastic stories about the world order and the place of man in the system of the universe. This worldview comes from an artistic and emotional experience of the world or from social illusions. The religious worldview is the next stage in the development of people’s views on the world; unlike myth, religion does not confuse the earthly and the sacred.

Holders of such a worldview believe that the creative omnipotent force - God - is above nature and outside of nature. At the center of any religious worldview are ideas about higher values ​​and ways to achieve them. It is based on faith that cannot tolerate doubt and makes a person’s views dependent on religious dogmas. In contrast, a philosophical worldview is able to be based on the results of people’s cognitive and practical activities. An important role in the system of modern philosophical worldview is played by the data of science, synthesized in ideas about the scientific picture of the world.

Often in modern conditions, the worldview of individual people simultaneously combines mythological, religious and scientific ideas. These ideas give specificity to the worldviews of specific people.

Worldview, worldview and worldview

In worldviews that differ in form and character, the intellectual and emotional-psychological experience of people is combined in a special way; they reflect people’s worldview, worldview and worldview in different ways.

Attitude is the emotional and psychological side of the worldview. It expresses the sensations, perceptions, and experiences of people.

In a worldview based on visual representations, the world appears in its reality, the images of which are mediated by a combination of emotional, psychological and cognitive experience of people.

Worldview is formed on the basis of attitude and worldview. As science develops, the nature of the worldview is increasingly influenced by the knowledge it acquires. The importance of worldview lies in the fact that it is the basis for the formation of a person’s needs and interests, his ideas about norms and values, and therefore his motives for activity. The development and improvement of worldview, worldview and understanding of the world leads to an increase in the quality of the content of the worldview and an increase in the power of its influence on living life.

As a system of beliefs, people’s worldview is formed on the basis of a wide variety of knowledge, but its final form is given by philosophy, which, as noted earlier, generalizes the attitudes contained in it and develops extremely general principles of both knowledge, understanding, and transformation of the world. The foundation of a worldview is information about normative formations that mediate its orientation and give it effectiveness.

Philosophy is a means of forming and justifying the content of the most general, fundamental and therefore essential normative formations of the worldview that mediate the entire life support system of people. In this sense, it is justified to consider it as the basis of a worldview that a person uses in his interactions with the world and to endow it with a worldview function.

Definition - what is it?

It is not difficult to decipher this term: it is enough to see that it consists of two words - peace and vision.

That is, worldview is how I see the world in which I live, how I perceive it, what I know about it. Personal experience and a person’s value system form a subjective vision .

To some it seems beautiful, mysterious, causing delight and joy, others constantly look out for danger in it and do not leave a defensive position. It depends on the internal prism through which a person views reality.

Does everyone know what a kaleidoscope is? Probably everyone in childhood had such a pipe, looking into which you saw bizarre patterns that changed when the pipe was twisted. The essence of how a kaleidoscope works is that the multi-colored elements inside it, at different positions of the pipe, are assembled into different patterns.

The same principle can explain what a person’s worldview is and why the worldviews of individual people differ. In essence, the world is the same - it consists of the same set of parts, but everyone sees it in their own way - their own personal pattern through their own prism (consciousness).

Who am I? Who surrounds me? What is the meaning of my life? Why do we exist? Surely you have asked similar questions. And these are the questions that indicate that you are forming your worldview .

This is a set of views on the world that surrounds us. This is a holistic view of nature, society (what is it?) and man. All this forms a set of values ​​for an individual, a group or the entire society as a whole.

Worldview structure

The meaning of a worldview consists of knowledge, rules, attitudes, principles and ideals. The human mind accepts its place in society, accepts itself and learns to live with external stimuli. A person gets acquainted with the world and navigates it with the help of information and established rules. With principles, she forms her place in society, creates her own values ​​and determines her emotional attitude towards external stimuli. And with established ideals, a person develops, forms his character and moves up the moral and intellectual ladder.

Of course, the above does not fully describe the structure of the worldview. Such concepts are more objective (knowledge and information) and subjective (principles and ideals).

Beliefs occupy an important place in the structure of a worldview. They influence the behavior of the individual in society, in the choice of his priorities for self-realization in them

The primacy between the forms of structure can change both in one consciousness and in the mass consciousness.

Active and passive ways to form a worldview

There are two paths that shape a worldview. The passive path requires no effort. The ideals, views and principles are the same as those of the society in which a person lives. A passive worldview does not require effort and self-searching. Individuality is erased. All views on the world are formed under the influence of life conditions.

The active path of worldview formation is associated with constant risk. A person asks himself questions and looks for answers to them, and does not always focus on the norms of the society in which he lives. Most of the time he studies, gains new experiences, and breaks stereotypes. At the same time, it is important for him to maintain balance. It is not always useful to go against public opinion and be a black sheep. It is possible and sometimes even necessary to acquire new knowledge, relying on the old experience of predecessors. And only then form a personal view.

Spiritual Economics says this: “You don’t even know what will happen tomorrow. What is your life? For you are like vapor, which appears for a while and then disappears” (NRT, James 4:14). Human life is short, it is important to understand this. Therefore, it is better to spend a short moment on knowledge, studying the world and forming personal views, than to go with the flow, always following the crowd. This will help you feel the taste of life.

Hierarchical structure of worldview

Humanity continually accumulates knowledge, creating culture. Starting from childhood, a person forms an idea of ​​the world under the influence of personal characteristics of perception, including upbringing, temperament, intelligence, local mentality, etc.

Worldview is a hierarchical structure of a person’s beliefs, consisting of many levels. At each step of this pyramid, beliefs have a relatively greater or lesser degree of confidence in a person. They can be presented in the form of a diagram, which is based on facts verified by personal experience; at a higher and less “solid” level there will be facts from the lives of familiar people, and the very top will be occupied only by theory, assumptions about the unknown sphere of the world.

What is a person's worldview?

Man is a rational being, capable of thinking and predicting the consequences of his actions, and looking for means to realize his goals. All this determines his worldview. Natural instincts, experience, scientific and practical activities form a system of views, assessments and a figurative understanding of the world. The functions of a worldview lie in the organization, meaningfulness and purposefulness of an individual’s activities. That is, worldview is determined by beliefs, life position and moral and ethical values.

Worldview in psychology

The formation of a person’s views is mainly influenced by various factors: family, children. kindergarten, school, media, books, films, etc. In educational institutions for teenagers and young men, the worldview is built in a more dialectical-materialistic way. The essence of this submission is four rules:

– the world is material;

– everything that exists around us regardless of our consciousness;

– everything in the world is interconnected and develops according to specific laws;

– a person can and must obtain reliable knowledge about the universe.

At different ages, people perceive the world and information about it differently, therefore, in educational institutions, a worldview is formed at certain stages.

Preschool age marks the beginning of the formation of a worldview. The child learns to exist in the world. Initially, the baby sees the world holistically, then begins to identify the basics and distinguish between them. Communication with parents and peers develops a connection with the environment. In kindergartens they teach how to establish cause-and-effect relationships (why you need to dress warmly in winter) and find solutions to problems (how to find Cinderella using a lost shoe). Fiction plays the main role in creating a worldview at this stage of growth. In communicating with people, the child learns to form relationships and build behavior in order to comply with general rules.

At primary school age, children build a worldview both in and outside of class. Schoolchildren are active and independently obtain information from books, magazines and the Internet. With the help of an adult, the child can digest the information received and form an attitude towards it. In the primary grades, children are introduced to natural phenomena and the concept of social life at the level of ideas. This method lays the main foundation in personal opinion.

Adolescence is the time of developing one’s own worldview. A teenager builds contact with the world based on his own experiences and situations he has experienced. In secondary schools they begin to ask the question “What do you want to become?” The student more consciously seeks his place in society. Popular ways to develop a worldview are to perform laboratory work, conduct conversations, discussions, lectures, and various excursions. As soon as a teenager begins to distinguish between good and bad with internal emotions, he begins to grow up.

At the adolescent stage of an individual’s age-related changes, the ways of developing a worldview remain almost the same as in adolescence: school lessons, lectures, communication in social groups, etc. But they are also supplemented by classes in sports clubs, lectures of a more narrow profile, reading books, watching films, pre-conscription training and service in the armed forces. The highlight of adolescent development is that girls and boys try to accept their lives as an integral, logical chain that makes sense. But the complexity of adolescence is reflected in the desire of young people to benefit society and satisfy their own aspirations. Subsequently, the difficulty of choosing between reality and needs can lead to psychological problems.

An adult’s worldview develops during work, self-education, self-education and life circumstances.

In the end, I would like to say that a person’s worldview is an entire universe. Thanks to different principles, ideals and subjective values, people discover something new in each other every day. The transformation of his mind and spirit transforms the personality into an individual.

How to change your worldview: tips from psychologists

You may be asking the question: “If a worldview is formed independently through a passive path, then why change it?” But this view of the world remains superficial. Would you like your personal values ​​to depend on other people's opinions? You can change your worldview, but in adulthood it is more difficult to do this.

How you can try to change your worldview:

1. Analyze your beliefs. Think about your attitude towards life. Self-analysis is a powerful weapon if used in moderation without turning it into self-flagellation. Identify the things that don't satisfy you.
2. Weigh all the pros and cons of established beliefs. What happens if you remove some of them from your life?
3. Work on problem areas. Since the initial worldview is formed through the family, problems with the perception of the world almost always arise due to improper upbringing and childhood trauma. Therefore, it is recommended to consult a psychologist to work out all the pain points.
4. After analyzing and processing traumas, remove from your life all beliefs that cause discomfort or do not bring you any benefit.
5. Motivate yourself. It is important to remember why you abandoned your previous beliefs. Discipline, patience and self-control will help you stick to your new position. And the realization that you have freed yourself from the burden of attitudes that interfere with you and have become a better person will be your guiding star on the path to a new “me.”

Many factors influence the formation of a worldview. If you want change, but are afraid that it is too late, then take the course “How to remove self-doubt from your head. And in just 14 days, believe in yourself.” In just 2 weeks, you can believe in yourself and never doubt your abilities again, regardless of age or upbringing.

Worldview of modern man

Unfortunately, in modern society there is a crisis in its spiritual sphere. Moral guidelines (duty, responsibility, mutual assistance, altruism, etc.) have lost their meaning. Receiving pleasure and consumption come first. In some countries, drugs and prostitution have been legalized, and the number of suicides is growing. Gradually, a different attitude towards marriage and family, new views on raising children are being formed. Having satisfied their material needs, people do not know what to do next. Life is like a train, in which the main thing is to get comfortable, but where and why to go is unclear.

Modern man lives in an era of globalization, when the importance of national culture is declining and alienation from its values ​​is observed. An individual becomes, as it were, a citizen of the world, but at the same time loses his own roots, connection with his native land, members of his clan. At the same time, contradictions and armed conflicts based on national, cultural and religious differences do not disappear in the world.

Throughout the 20th century, people had a consumerist attitude towards natural resources and did not always wisely implement projects to change biocenoses, which subsequently led to an environmental disaster. This continues today. The environmental problem is one of the global problems.

At the same time, a significant number of people realize the importance of change, searching for life guidelines, ways to achieve harmony with other members of society, nature and themselves. Promoting a humanistic worldview, focusing on the individual and his needs, revealing a person’s individuality, and establishing friendly relationships with other people is becoming popular.

Instead of an anthropocentric type of consciousness (man is the crown of nature, which means he can use everything it gives with impunity), an ecocentric type begins to form (man is not the king of nature, but a part of it, and therefore must treat other living organisms with care). People visit temples, create charities and environmental protection programs.

A humanistic worldview presupposes a person’s awareness of himself as the master of his life, who must create himself and the world around him, and bear responsibility for his actions.

Therefore, much attention is paid to nurturing the creative activity of the younger generation.

The worldview of modern man is in its infancy and is characterized by inconsistency. People are forced to choose between permissiveness and responsibility, consumerism and concern for others, globalization and patriotism, the approach of a global catastrophe or the search for ways to achieve harmony with the world. The future of all humanity depends on the choices made.

Main types

The theoretical basis of the worldview is philosophy, and the practical basis is the spiritual integrity of man, confirmed by his activities. Conventionally, it can be divided into several types:

• Archaic is a period when humanity perceived the world as alive and interacted with it based on this knowledge. This type is characterized by totemism, one of the properties of which was people’s identification with animals, birds or natural phenomena.
• The next level of development is the mythological type of worldview, according to which everything visible and invisible tends not only to have an image, but also to interact with a person and with each other. People communicate with the gods, make sacrifices to them, pray, build temples, observe rituals, and may even compete or oppose them.
• The religious type separates man from the world of spirits. There are no gods on Olympus, but people have not lost faith in them. Other rituals, dogmas, commandments appeared, but the authority of the gods was undeniable.
• The philosophical type is based on critical consciousness, which does not accept old postulates on faith, but requires their logical confirmation.

Each type of worldview had its own principles. Depending on changing views on the surrounding reality, all eras have their own values.

Historical types of worldview

Throughout their lives on the planet, people continue to discover something new in different industries, even when the teachings officially cease. Such knowledge can be ordinary, religious and scientific. But these are not all the species that represent the worldview of people.

The main types of worldview include mythological, religious and philosophical.

The mythological type helped explain phenomena in nature that people could not explain. This is how myths appeared in which fantastic events exceeded reasonable ones (causes of fatal diseases, rain, snow, floods, etc.) With legends, people formed general concepts of good and bad, darkness and light. Therefore, mythological explanation plays an important role in the worldview of society.

The religious type of worldview contains specific rules for moral existence on earth, calls for a healthy lifestyle and faith in the charter without explanation. It unites society, but also divides members of other religious groups.

The philosophical type represents greater freedom of mind, and not emotional, as in the mythological type. Here the right to perceive the world is given to the human mind, without religious restrictions. And the individual feels free-thinking.

Recently, scientists have identified slightly different types of worldview: scientific, everyday and humanistic.

Scientific knowledge is presented on the basis of conclusions and accurate evidence. For example, the Earth is round, etc.

Ordinary knowledge consists of the experience and conclusions of one individual from its life. For example, after cutting yourself with a knife, a person understands how to use it more carefully.

The humanistic concept calls for accepting a person with his ideals and life positions. Do not subject an individual to humiliation in society due to differing opinions. But this tactic is not followed everywhere.

Development of the worldview of civilizations

Observing the phenomena occurring in nature, people since ancient times have tried to give them at least some explanation. The easiest way to do this was to declare your existence and everything around you as a manifestation of the will of the gods. Thus, a supernatural and mythical vision of what was happening was formed, which was the main one for several millennia.

The main thing that such a worldview explained was the illusory nature of life, since everything is predetermined by the gods, which most people confirmed, resigning themselves to such a view of reality. Thanks to those individuals who went against accepted wisdom (did not obey the will of the gods), history and, accordingly, the worldview changed in the minds of people and entire civilizations.

By reasoning about existing orders in natural phenomena and comparing them, people created such a science as philosophy. Thanks to the ability to cognize the surrounding reality in all its diversity, man has constantly improved the model of the Universe, the Earth and studied his place in it.

As experience in knowledge of reality accumulated and was tested in practice, sciences appeared in civilizations and their worldview changed. For example, observations of changes in the starry sky formed the basis of astrology and then astronomy.

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Basic principles

The main principles of the worldview concern the relationship of God with the world and are divided into:

• Atheism is the denial of the existence of the supernatural and gods, and the fundamental principle of everything is matter, the study of which is possible only in a sensual way.
• Skepticism - the principle is based on doubts about the immutability of truth and the denial of the divine destiny of man and the meaning of his life. People who share these views believe that the individual is obliged to determine his own destiny, the main values ​​of whose worldview should be to achieve the maximum amount of pleasure.
• Pantheism is the belief in a certain basis of the world that gave birth to all things. The form of studying reality in pantheism is observation of reality and deduction on the physical level, and mystical intuition on the spiritual.
• Creationism is a principle that affirms God as the first cause of everything, but separates the components that underlie the world from the nature of the Creator himself.

Summarizing what a worldview is, we can define that it is the totality of all knowledge, feelings, views and assessments of a person’s reality in his understanding of the world.

Worldview today

The global community that exists today is integrated across the entire planet. The modern worldview of man includes the sum of knowledge of all available sciences at the level of a non-specialist. It is based on the knowledge of reality through the 5 senses with further processing of information by the mind.

From the data received, a person builds his own picture of the world, which he can consciously influence and modify. The only thing that has remained unchanged is man's purpose. She is still in the knowledge of the world and place in it.

Structure

World vision includes a complex of various characteristics of the spiritual life of an individual, formed through knowledge and understanding of the world. Attitude outlines emotional and psychological issues at the level of emotions, feelings, and moods.

Worldview determines the cognitive-intellectual sphere. As such, internal attitudes and views arose in the process of humanity’s transition to the tribal community - the first stable form of social organization. This was a big leap in development.

Components of worldview

There are many types of knowledge that a person accumulates in the process of studying the universe. Everyday experience allows you to adapt to life in society and navigate it, scientific experience allows you to analyze facts of a higher rank.

Interaction with the surrounding space is accompanied by an emotional response. We don’t just look at the creations of nature, forming a dry factual idea about them, we admire and even admire them.

Another important aspect of worldview is norms and values. Sometimes they even go against common sense: in order to protect a loved one, a child, many are ready to sacrifice themselves. People act based not so much on emotions or logic, but on their own beliefs and attitudes.

Actions determine the practical level of the ideological structure. You can openly express your attitude towards the world only through specific actions. So, the worldview consists of four main components: emotional, activity, cognitive and value. All of them are interconnected and form the internal integrity of the individual.

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Sources of knowledge.

Who has ever wondered where people’s knowledge comes from and how people’s worldview and consciousness are formed and how all this affects the development of our society? Meanwhile, this is the main reason for our life today, good or not so good. Whoever has a decisive influence on the minds of people rules the World. More precisely: the one who controls the flows of information that shape people’s worldviews rules the World. Consequently, the consciousness and worldview of people depends on the purity of information sources, that is, the state of our society - our life, with you... So let's look into this issue.

The concept of worldview is one of the key concepts in philosophy and in the educational system. It is impossible to do without this concept when studying history, philosophy and such subjects as “Man and Society”, “The Spiritual World of Man”, “Modern Society”, “Science and Religion”, etc.

Worldview is a necessary component of human consciousness and cognition. This is not just one of its elements among many others, but their complex interaction. Heterogeneous blocks of knowledge, beliefs, thoughts, feelings, moods, aspirations, hopes, united in a worldview, appear as a more or less holistic understanding of the world and themselves by people.

The life of people in society is historical in nature. Now slowly, now quickly, intensively, all the components of the socio-historical process change over time: technical means and the nature of labor, relationships between people and the people themselves, their thoughts, feelings, interests. The worldview of human communities, social groups, and individuals is subject to historical changes. It actively captures and refracts large and small, obvious and hidden processes of social change. When talking about a worldview on a large socio-historical scale, we mean the extremely general beliefs, principles of knowledge, ideals and norms of life that prevail at a particular stage of history, that is, they highlight the common features of the intellectual, emotional, spiritual mood of a particular era.

In reality, a worldview is formed in the minds of specific people and is used by individuals and social groups as general views that determine life. This means that, in addition to typical, summary features, the worldview of each era lives and operates in many group and individual variants.

The worldview of education is integral. In it, the connection of its components, their alloy is fundamentally important, and just as in an alloy, different combinations of elements, their proportions give different results, so something similar happens with the worldview.

The worldview includes and plays an important role in generalized everyday, or life-practical, professional, and scientific knowledge. The more solid the stock of knowledge in a particular era, among a particular people or individual, the more serious support the corresponding worldview can receive. A naive, unenlightened consciousness does not have sufficient means for a clear, consistent, rational substantiation of its views, often turning to fantastic fictions, beliefs, and customs.

The degree of cognitive richness, validity, thoughtfulness, and internal consistency of a particular worldview varies. But knowledge never fills the entire field of a worldview. In addition to knowledge about the world (including the human world), the worldview also comprehends the entire way of human life, expresses certain value systems (ideas about good and evil, and others), builds images of the past and projects for the future, and receives approval (condemnation) of certain ways of life , behavior.

Worldview is a complex form of consciousness that embraces the most diverse layers of human experience, capable of expanding the narrow boundaries of everyday life, a specific place and time, and relating a given person to other people, including those who lived before and will live later. In the worldview, experience is accumulating in understanding the semantic basis of human life, all new generations of people are joining the spiritual world of their great-grandfathers, grandfathers, fathers, contemporaries, carefully preserving something, resolutely abandoning something. So, a worldview is a set of views, assessments, principles that determine the most general vision and understanding of the world.

The essential role of beliefs in the composition of a worldview does not exclude positions that are accepted with less confidence or even distrust. Doubt is an obligatory moment of an independent, meaningful position in the field of worldview. Fanatical, unconditional acceptance of one or another system of orientations, merging with it without internal criticism or one’s own analysis is called dogmatism.

Life shows that such a position is blind and flawed, does not correspond to the complex, developing reality; moreover, religious, political and other dogmas have often turned out to be the cause of grave troubles in history, including the history of Soviet society. That is why, in establishing new thinking today, it is so important to form a clear, unbiased, courageous, creative, flexible understanding of real life in all its complexity. Healthy doubt, thoughtfulness, and criticality play an important role in shaking dogmas. But if the measure is violated, they can give rise to the other extreme - skepticism, disbelief in anything, loss of ideals, refusal to serve high goals.

Thus, from all of the above, as well as from the history course, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. The worldview of humanity is not permanent; it develops along with the development of humanity and human society.

2. A person’s worldview is greatly influenced by the achievements of science, religion, as well as the existing structure of society. The state (state machine) influences a person’s worldview in all ways, restrains his development, trying to subordinate him to the interests of the ruling class.

3. In turn, the worldview, as it develops, influences the development of society. Having accumulated qualitatively (i.e., having changed radically) and quantitatively (when a new worldview takes hold of a sufficiently large mass of people), the worldview leads to a change in the social structure (to revolutions, for example). By developing the worldview of people, society ensures its development; by inhibiting the development of the worldview, society dooms itself to decay and death.

Thus, by influencing the development of people’s worldview, one can influence the development of human society. People have always been dissatisfied with the existing system. But can people with an old worldview build a new society? Obviously not. In order to build a new society, it is necessary to form a new worldview in people, and the role of educators, teachers and lecturers in this matter cannot be overestimated.

But in order for a teacher to be able to form a new worldview, he himself must possess it. Therefore, the most important condition for building a new society is the formation of a new worldview among educators and teachers.

But maybe we don’t need to change the current state of society, maybe it suits everyone? It seems to me that this issue does not require discussion.

We all live in a very complex and contradictory world, in which it is easy to lose our bearings. Now everyone agrees that society is going through a crisis. However, you can often hear the opinion that this crisis affected only our country, while in Western countries everything is in order. Is it really? This opinion is true only if we consider the purely material side of life. If we take its spiritual side, then it is not difficult to see that the crisis in the spiritual sphere of human existence has gripped the whole world, all of humanity.

In all countries of the world, regardless of the social system, such phenomena as alcoholism, drug addiction, crime, and moral degradation are on the rise; The number of suicides associated with disappointment with life is growing, especially among young people. All these phenomena became widespread earlier in Western countries and in America, that is, in those countries where the material standard of living was and remains many times higher than ours.

In the last two or three decades, these phenomena have become widespread in our country. Material wealth does not provide a solution to the problem and does not eliminate the crisis, because... its reason lies in people’s loss of understanding of the meaning of their existence. Figuratively speaking, lately humanity has been reminiscent of train passengers, whose only concern is to get comfortable, to get comfortable inside the carriage, but who have completely forgotten where and why they are going. That is, humanity has lost more distant – spiritual guidelines for its life. What is the reason? The reason is only in the imperfection of a person’s inner world. Man destroys not only himself, but the entire planet. Our planet is seriously ill, and we ourselves are to blame for this. Man is destroying his planet not only with his technocratic activities, but also with his perverted thinking.

“Our modern world is a sinking ship. The only difference between a sinking ship and the modern world is that on a sinking ship everyone is already aware of the inevitability of death, while in the modern world many still do not want to admit this...

The very people who caused its illness are trying to heal the sick world. The same ones, not personally, but according to their worldview

, and the means proposed for the cure are the same ones that marked the beginning of the disease.” (A. Klizovsky “Fundamentals of the worldview of a new era”)

The reasons that brought down such a colossus as the Roman Empire still exist. The main reason must be recognized as the decline of morals, the demoralization of society and the demoralization of the main pillar of statehood - the family, for with the decline of morals and the demoralization of the family, the destruction of any moribund world begins.

When any moribund world is replaced by a new one, the most important thing is not the political or social changes that occur, but the need to change the worldview

and all outdated views and views on new ones, in the need to change one’s beliefs and, in general, the entire way of life to new ones, for what is truly new, what replaces the old world, is new in all respects and is never like the old.

The difficulty is further aggravated by the fact that a person is forced to accept a political or social change by the very course of events, often after the fact, while the acceptance or non-acceptance of a new worldview, or a new belief and a new way of life seems to depend on each individual. In reality, a person has only two options: either wisely go with the flow of evolution, or wait until developing life throws him overboard as unnecessary ballast.

“When the Higher Mind and Higher Powers give a push and impulse for a new phase of life, for a new stage of evolution, then no human forces can stop this movement. The struggle against the flow of new life is obvious nonsense, promising nothing but inglorious death, for when the law of replacing outdated energies with new ones comes into force, then everything that is not progressing is subject to destruction.” (A. Klizovsky “Fundamentals of the worldview of a new era”).

Any new construction begins with the destruction of the old, it cannot be otherwise. It is this moment that is most difficult for people, from a psychological point of view. They do not know that the time has come for humanity to rise to the highest level of knowledge; they do not know either about the Builder, or how the Builder of a new life plans to carry out his reforms. They see destruction, and the first solution that comes to mind for most is protest and opposition. In reality, they oppose evolution, dooming themselves to all the blows and vicissitudes of fate that come with opposing cosmic laws.

Ignorance is man’s main enemy and the source of much of his suffering. Unfortunately, people are lazy and don't like to learn. Many people live their whole lives with the knowledge they acquired in childhood, in primary school.

In the coming era, such knowledge is needed that should illuminate that area of ​​​​our existence, about which most people have very vague or very misleading ideas, in which many are interested in entertainment or amusement, and others for deception and profit.

The coming era requires knowledge of the cosmic laws of both the visible and invisible world. It requires recognition of the invisible world. But the recognition of the invisible world, which, thanks to its invisibility, has hitherto been recognized as non-existent, must radically change all the foundations of the existing materialistic worldview, all existing concepts and beliefs.

The situation cannot continue forever when the crown of creation, man, lives without knowing the purpose and meaning of his existence.

He must finally cognize the foundations of Existence, must cognize the laws of the higher spiritual world, cosmic laws.

Knowledge of laws is a necessary condition for life in all human organizations and groups. Most legislative codes of various states begin with the formula: “No one can excuse themselves by ignorance of the law. Violating the law out of ignorance does not exempt a person from punishment.”

Meanwhile, most people live in Space in complete ignorance of cosmic laws, violating them at every step of their lives, with every action, word and thought, and are surprised that their life is full of vicissitudes and shocks.

Throughout the observable history of mankind, one can trace the desire of people to build in their consciousness a fairly harmonious system of the universe, to determine their place in it and to further live, focusing on these ideas. For this purpose, many different religions and teachings have been created. All these religions and teachings have a lot in common. For example, they all claim that a person has a soul that does not die, but is preserved after the death of the physical body and after some time is reincarnated on Earth. Meanwhile, historians have long noticed that all these religions and teachings arose on Earth almost simultaneously (by historical standards) in different parts of the Earth: in Europe, India, China, when there was no communication between these parts of the world. The conclusion suggests itself that all these religions and teachings were given to people by someone.

There are several facts that cannot be refuted. For example, the well-known science of Astrology has existed for many hundreds of years. Astrologers have long been calculating the movements of planets such as Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, but modern science discovered Uranus and Neptune only in the 19th century, and even then on the basis of calculated data from Astrology, and Pluto was discovered in 1930! Where do astrologers get this cosmic knowledge? But modern science cannot explain astrology! But the predictions of astrologers about the destinies of people come true! Unless, of course, these are real astrologers.

Scientists have discovered the Dogon tribe in Africa, which is at a very low level of development (according to our concepts), but they have long known that Sirius is a double star and the orbital period of this double star is known. While modern science established this only a few years ago.

Well, how to evaluate the legacy left by the Miami civilization, which disappeared without a trace 600 years before the coming of Christ? Scientists are still puzzling over the mysteries of their cultures and are amazed at their high knowledge of space. Miamians knew something we still don't know. What about the Egyptian pyramids?

Anyone who is interested in these things begins to understand well that all this rich knowledge was given to people by aliens from outer space. What, they were given before, but now they are not? They are given, and practically without hiding from people! But do people want to receive this knowledge, or are they more interested in the prices of vodka? Or maybe people think that the processes occurring in Space will not affect them? Maybe it’s not necessary to know the Laws of Space? What is a person, where did he come from and why does he live on Earth? This is the worldview of modern man.

Mythological worldview

It was formed at a historical stage when humanity gradually separated itself from nature and opposed it. Various cults and pantheons arose. Complex phenomena of social life were reflected in myths: like people, gods and heroes staged wars and competed with each other. Properties of mythology:

• endowing nature with human traits;
• interaction of the real with the fantastic;
• lack of logical analysis and reflection;
• practical focus on solving everyday problems;
• The plots are of the same type and superficial.

Archaic subtype

This is an ancient form of human ideas about himself, life and interaction with nature. It is characterized by the coexistence of reality and fantasy. Both of these concepts were once united in various variations of beliefs: totemism, animism, fetishism. In the same way, within the framework of this worldview there is no division into “I” and the world. Everything around has vital energy and requires a certain attitude (rituals, worship).

Meaning

Worldview undoubtedly matters more in human activity.

This is due to the fact that it is with its help that the inner world is directly formed , as well as the main values ​​and norms that represent the foundation of its existence throughout life.

In his everyday life, a person not only tries to understand the world around him and its logic, but also tries to evaluate reality, to understand the meaning of his own existence.

Thanks to this, people are able to divide the world into good and bad, beautiful and ugly, truthful and deceptive, fair and unfair, and so on.

As a result, universal human values ​​become criteria for the degree of spiritual and social development of an individual . For self-determination, an individual will not turn to scientific treatises, although they can be characterized as a necessary basis for ideas about the world around him.