Prescribed and achieved social status: description, examples

Speaking about what types of social statuses there are, it is necessary to initially determine the meaning of the concept “status” itself. This term is a definition of the social position occupied by a certain person or group of people in society or its individual class. To determine the social status of a citizen, various parameters are used: age, nationality, level of education, income, position held and many others. The theory divides the types of social. statuses depending on a person’s qualifications as an employee, his skills, experience, and entrepreneurial abilities.

Status is used to compare the social position of individuals. It indicates a level in the hierarchy that reflects the structure of the entire society. An individual or group of individuals with a high social position can influence historical development, the formation of society, use privileges and enjoy other advantages.

Rights and responsibilities as an integral component of status

Any status contains a set of rights and obligations, being an element of the social division of labor:

• rights show what an individual can tolerate or allow in relation to other people;
• duties indicate to the status holder the necessary actions in relation to something or someone.

The responsibilities are characterized by the following:

• strictly fixed, defined in regulations, instructions, rules or enshrined in custom;
• make behavior predictable, limit it to the necessary limits;
• imply individual responsibility for their conscientious implementation;
• determined by the level of social development and culture of society.

In a democratic society, rights and responsibilities are distributed more or less evenly and symmetrically. In a totalitarian society, this position is asymmetrical: authorities have many rights and minimal responsibilities, and, conversely, ordinary citizens have few rights and many responsibilities.

The level of social development of society directly depends on the relationship and compliance with the rights and responsibilities of members of society.

Differences between people due to ascribed status are noticeable to varying degrees. As a rule, a person (group of people) strives to occupy the most advantageous position in society.

Some social strata increase their status by uniting in various movements (union of entrepreneurs, women's movements) and lobbying their interests everywhere.

Factors preventing changes in group status:

• attempts by other groups to maintain the status quo;
• ethnic contradictions;
• lack of strong leaders, etc.

Option 1

A1. Social status acquired through a person's own efforts is called

A2. The division of professions into male and female is a division

A3. Are judgments about social role correct?

A. Each person plays many social roles.B. The behavior of each person depends on his social role.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect

A4. Are the judgments about the generation correct?

A. In modern society, conflicts between generations have weakened. B. Each next generation rediscovers most of the rules and laws of social development.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect

IN 1. Match the elements of the first and second columns.

Write the selected letters under the corresponding numbers.

Social status in life

If anyone doesn’t know what is better to choose - to strive to occupy a certain status or to “forget” everyone and just live, I will clarify one more important point: a person with social status is one who is controlled by others (the crowd). Because, as I wrote above, today the situation can change quickly.

Any group of people needs, at a minimum, an organizer, and at a maximum, a leader - a person who will be responsible for everything. This is where a social hierarchy begins to form, where someone occupies a higher or lower position.

This means that a person who wants to succeed with a group must become someone who can make a significant contribution to achieving their goals. If you are not able to give people at least something, no one will follow you, which means that no one needs you.

As it was said in the TV series "House": "When a person is such a bastard, he is either a genius or unemployed." Accordingly, someone with a position in the group must say and do what others want to hear and see from him. Or be a genius who can be forgiven for everything. But, in any case, he is a “slave of the lamp” who must fulfill the wishes of the crowd or at least a separate group.

Therefore, single people can feel real freedom, without having any responsibility to others, and say whatever they want... but really, only in front of the mirror. In general, as someone said: “the real prison is only in the head”

The importance of having or not having a position in society is nothing more than an illusion. You need to live the way it’s convenient, the rest doesn’t matter

For example, Pierce Brosnan, when he starred in Bond, gave up on everyone and just started spending money. Of course, he’s still filming now, but he doesn’t have his former glory, but he has a lot of money. And there are plenty of such examples.

The influence of social status in society

So, now the most important thing is that in order to live happily, is it necessary to occupy a certain position in society? Not really, provided you don't mind the isolation.

The fact is that people at the genetic level are structured in such a way that in order to survive they need social groups and individuals who can lead them. This is a kind of shifting responsibility and searching for like-minded people.

To make it clearer, I will give an example from YouTube:

That is, in life, people, just like on FB or VK, are divided into groups of like-minded people. The intelligentsia unites with the intelligentsia, quitters with quitters, dummies with dummies, hard workers with hard workers, and so on. There they hear only what they like, and anyone who disagrees is sent to a “ban.”

At the same time, there have always been “lone wolves”. But a loner is a person who does everything himself. In ancient times, this required being able to chop wood, build a hut, and shoot a deer. Today, a single person should be able to sit through a working day in the office, pay for utilities and go to Pyaterochka.

Therefore, everyone is free to determine for themselves the importance of social status. There are people for whom universal recognition is more important than air, and there are those who don’t care about anyone, just to live to see their salary

In general, the 21st century has given us complete freedom, and everyone lives as they want.

The influence of social status in relationships

Many people complain that women are materialistic. In fact, men are not inferior in prudence, they just complain about girls more. But speaking to the point: a couple, a civil relationship or a family is also a group, just a very small one. Therefore, at the genetic level, the same structure of relationships operates as during the formation of large social communities.

Therefore, in order for things to go easier when communicating with girls, you need to find friends either from your social circle, or “throw dust in your eyes.”

I suggested slightly changing the format of my “resume” - to say that he is an entrepreneur, an IT specialist, and since he is in demand, he works with different people. Now he has launched two of his projects and plans to develop further. That is, he didn’t lie, he even has an individual entrepreneur, but he presented who he is a little differently. After all, it’s one thing to be an IT specialist, and another to be a seller and freelancer. In general, it worked.

Well, if someone doesn’t want to strive for social status for the sake of a relationship, Pornhub can help him. Because men love beautiful girls. And women spend time, effort and money on beauty in order to be able to choose those who have more influence on society.

Role conflict

When a person occupies a high position in one group and is at the bottom of the hierarchical ladder in another, conflict is inevitable. It can be internal, when a person experiences discomfort in silence, or it can develop into confrontation with colleagues. Examples of role conflict are common, such as when an older person is an errand boy for a younger boss. Or when this boss is on vacation with friends who treat him with a certain contempt, not at all like his subordinates.

If a man's social status is high, he will try by all means to maintain it. Of course, there will always be people who are not satisfied with their position and want to rise higher and gain greater significance in society. This creates competition within the group, which allows the strongest and fittest members of society to make their way to the top.

Examples of social status

Social statuses are inherent in any person, be it a real person or a fictional character. For example, for the general public, Michael Jackson primarily had the status of a famous musician - this is the status that he achieved. A narrower circle aware of his charitable activities is aware of his social status as a philanthropist. His natural status is that of an African-American boy from a large family. And finally, over time, he acquired the status of husband and father.

Many examples can be cited from fiction. Since childhood, we have all known the fairy tale by A.S. Pushkin “About the Fisherman and the Fish”. With the help of a goldfish caught by an old man, the old woman changed her social status: first she achieved a higher one (from an ordinary poor old woman she turned into a noblewoman, then into a free queen, etc.), and subsequently lost all acquired statuses, returning to the original .

Socialization

From birth, a person learns the norms, patterns of behavior and cultural values ​​characteristic of a particular society. This is how socialization occurs and the individual’s social status is acquired. Without socialization, a person cannot become a full-fledged individual. Socialization is influenced by the media, cultural traditions of the people, social institutions (family, school, work collectives, public associations, etc.).

Purposeful socialization occurs as a result of training and upbringing, but the efforts of parents and teachers are adjusted by the street, the economic and political situation in the country, television, the Internet and other factors.

The further development of society depends on the effectiveness of socialization. Children grow up and occupy the status of their parents, taking on certain roles. If the family and the state do not pay enough attention to the upbringing of the younger generation, then degradation and stagnation occur in public life.

Members of society coordinate their behavior with certain standards. These may be prescribed norms (laws, regulations, rules) or unspoken expectations. Any non-compliance with standards is considered a deviation, or deviation. Examples of deviation are drug addiction, prostitution, alcoholism, pedophilia, etc. Deviation can be individual, when one person deviates from the norm, and group (informal groups).

Socialization occurs as a result of two interrelated processes: internalization and social adaptation. A person adapts to social conditions, masters the rules of the game, which are mandatory for all members of society. Over time, norms, values, attitudes, ideas about what is good and what is bad become part of the inner world of the individual.

People are socialized throughout their lives, and at each age stage, statuses are acquired and lost, new roles are learned, conflicts arise and are resolved. This is how personality development occurs.

Man's place in society

Society consists of numerous groups of people, public organizations, and individuals connected by relationships. These relationships are regulated by social norms - rules of behavior accepted in society. But these rules are not the same for everyone; what is possible for some people is prohibited for others.

A police officer can carry a weapon and use force against violators of public order, but this does not mean that all other members of society have such rights. Social statuses and social roles help people understand their diverse rights and responsibilities. They depend on the age, financial and marital status of the individual, level of education, and profession. Social statuses and roles change as a person grows up, his career grows, and he gains access to power.

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Social status is the position occupied by an individual in society. This provision imposes on the individual a number of responsibilities, rights, and privileges.

Example.

• Alexandra Ivanovna is a seller, this is one of her social statuses. It imposes certain responsibilities on a woman: to be in the store from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m., sell people various products, advise customers on the quality or other characteristics of products. Along with her responsibilities, Alexandra Ivanovna has the rights to receive wages, take paid leave once a year, and go on sick leave in case of health problems.
• Sasha Ivanov is a seven-year-old child, this characteristic is the social status of a person. Sasha has the rights: to the care of his parents, their love, to provide him with clothes, food, toys, books and everything that Sasha needs. But along with rights, Sasha has some responsibilities: obey his parents, study at school.
• Vladimir Alekseevich is a grandfather - this is one of his social statuses. Vladimir Alekseevich has the right to see his grandchildren, buy them gifts, and share his life experience with them. His responsibilities include taking care of his grandchildren when their parents are not around.

The same individual may have several dozen social statuses, which impose on him certain rights and responsibilities. Each social status has its own manner of behavior, which is called a social role. Even by the clothes an individual is wearing, one can understand his social role and expect certain behavior from him in society. Seeing a military uniform, a doctor's robe, or a formal business suit, one can guess about the social status of a given individual.

This is interesting! In the recent past, about 200 years ago, one could understand from women’s clothing whether a woman was married or not, what her family’s income was, what social class she was from, where she was from. Time has changed and today the rules for wearing clothes are no longer so strict, but a person’s appearance can still tell about several social roles of an individual.

Option 2

A1. Reinforcements and punishments that support behavior prescribed by a social role

A2. The period of experimentation, searching for oneself, one’s place in life begins at the stage

A3. Are the judgments about the generational conflict correct?

A. The generational conflict is caused by the common interests of fathers and children.B. The generation gap is caused by increased social mobility of all kinds.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect

A4. Are judgments about gender roles correct?

A. The main place for manifestation of gender roles is the home.B. Gender roles are manifested in the choice of profession.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect

IN 1. Which of the listed reasons led to the separation of young people into a separate social group?

Answers to the social studies test Social statuses and roles for 8th grade Option 1 A1-3 A2-2 A3-3 A4-4 B1. 1AB 2VGOption 2 A1-1 A2-3 A3-2 A4-3 B1. 145

Achieved status

is a concept developed by anthropologist Ralph Linton to define the social position a person can achieve based on merit, earned or chosen. It is the opposite of ascribed status and reflects personal skills, abilities and efforts. Examples of achieved status: Olympic athlete, criminal, or college professor.

Status is important from a sociological perspective because it refers to the set of rights, responsibilities, behaviors, and responsibilities that people in a particular position are expected or encouraged to fulfill. These expectations are called roles. For example, the role of a professor includes teaching students, answering their questions, and being impartial and appropriate.

Types of social statuses

The same person can have different statuses not only because he is a member of different groups, but also because there are several types of statuses determined on the basis of different factors.

Different types of positions in a group hierarchy

There are many different approaches to classifying social statuses. This is often related, for example, to the goals of a particular socio-psychological study or to a specific group. The types of positions in the hierarchical structure of a group indicated here are not the only ones, but they are generally recognized.

• A given status is associated with characteristics independent of a person, but inherent to him: gender, age, nationality, etc. As a rule, the characteristics that form this type of status are of fundamental importance in the existence of a group, in joint activities, or are associated with traditions.
• Personal status is determined by a person’s individual characteristics: character traits, emotional and volitional spheres, abilities, knowledge and skills, motives and needs. This type of status is more important in a small group and largely determines a person’s place in the system of interpersonal relationships.
• An ascribed status is a person’s position given from the outside, practically independent of his conscious efforts. This type includes, for example, the statuses of a teenager, mother-in-law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, pensioner, etc. The prescribed status is very close to the corresponding social role and can change over time.
• Achieved status is a position in the group hierarchy that a person has achieved through effort or luck.

There is one more type of social status that deserves special attention.

Sociometric statuses

One of the most popular techniques in social psychology is sociometry. This technique, authored by American psychologist Ya. Moreno, allows you to build a hierarchical structure of the group and determine the status of its members.

The peculiarity of sociometric status is that it is based on the level of attractiveness of an individual to all other members of the group. By analyzing mutual preferences or choices, we can distinguish several positions in the group hierarchy:

• Sociometric stars are the group members who received the maximum number of elections. Although stars have considerable authority in society, most often they are not leaders - a good leader cannot be liked by everyone, since he often applies social sanctions. Those who occupy the top positions in the attractiveness rating in their group may not have the qualities of a leader - organizational skills, sufficient firmness, will, etc.
• Preferred or high-status are those people who have received a large number of choices, but fewer than the stars. They are quite popular in the group, their position is stable, and the leader usually counts on their support.
• Low status - group members who received 1-2 choices. In general, they may be satisfied with their situation, because they either have at least one, but devoted friend, or because they are part of a closed microgroup. But in group life they do not enjoy authority and often hardly participate in it.
• Isolated are subjects who were not chosen by anyone. Moreover, they did not receive not only positive, but also negative elections. It’s as if they don’t exist at all, they are not noticed in the group. And this position is the most difficult from the point of view of emotional assessment. Being isolated is worse than being rejected or neglected.
• Neglected are people who are rejected by the majority of group members or have received many negative choices. Most often, the reason for their position is personal qualities and their own negativism. Often the neglected themselves provoke a negative reaction from the group so as not to be isolated.

Clarification of sociometric statuses is useful for understanding relationships in a group, but it does not fully reveal the position of each person in the system of group activity. And yet, sociometric statuses are associated with personal qualities, are stable and have a strong influence on the development of the individual and his behavior in society. This explains the popularity of Ya. Moreno’s technique.

What's happened

The concept of social status determines the position occupied and also reflects the hierarchical structure of the entire group. Status characteristics do not entirely depend on the efforts made by the individual; they are determined by the surrounding society, endowing or depriving them of certain functions based on not always objective factors. It is worth noting that the social status occupied is not a static concept and changes in accordance with external circumstances or by a decision made by the person himself. Also, the status may cease to exist completely if a person leaves a given social group or ceases to build his activities on the basis of the rules that govern the behavioral manifestations of people.

Increasing social status is possible with a person’s independent efforts and aspirations (obtaining additional education, creating a social movement, increasing the number of orders carried out), as well as due to social processes (military conflicts, change and seizure of power, death of superiors).

The statuses of one person are divided into personal and social-public, which is determined by the person’s inclusion simultaneously in social groups of various sizes. Personal status includes the place a person occupies in a small group (family, immediate peer group, team, etc.). The position held here is regulated by personal qualities and the ability to build strong and productive interpersonal connections. The better a person is perceived by others, the more positive emotions they experience in his direction, the higher his status. It is quite simple to adjust your place in a small group; it is characterized by frequent changes in positions, which is largely determined by the emotionality of perception and reflects relationships and their processes.

The social status of a person refers to the place he occupies in a large group of people, distinguished on the basis of certain categories (gender, nation, religion, profession, place of residence, etc.). The perception of personality qualities and characteristics at this level is regulated not by the group of people themselves and their influence, but by the global position of this social category in society. It is the lack of flexibility in this matter and the scale of perception that explains the derogatory attitude based on their race, the oppression of rights and freedoms based on gender characteristics and religious preferences.

Social status

Definition 1

The social status of an individual is the place that a person occupies in society depending on his age, gender, origin, profession, and marital status.

Social status is a certain position in the social structure of a society or group, connected to other positions through rights and responsibilities.

Sociologists have identified several types of social statuses:

1. Statuses depending on the individual’s position in the group:
   • personal status is the position a person occupies in a small, that is, primary group, based on how his individual qualities are assessed in it;

   social status is determined by interaction with other individuals, that is, each person performs a certain set of social functions.

2. Statuses determined by time frames and impact on the life of the individual as a whole:
   • main status determines the main positions in a person’s life, for example, status related to family or work;

   episodic, that is, non-main social status - affects the details of human behavior, whether he is a passenger, a motorist, a patient, a spectator, etc.

3. Statuses acquired or not acquired in a situation of free choice:
   • prescribed status - a social position pre-assigned to an individual by society, regardless of the individual’s merits - a person’s place of birth, nationality, social origin, etc.;

   mixed status - includes features of a prescribed and achieved status, for example, a person becomes an academician or receives a disability;

4. achieved status - acquired through free choice, personal efforts and are under the control of a person - level of education, profession, material wealth, etc.

In any society, a hierarchy of statuses is developed, which is the basis of its stratification. Certain statuses are considered more prestigious than others. This hierarchy is formed under the influence of two factors:

• the real usefulness of the social functions performed by a person;
• a value system that is characteristic of the society in question.

If the prestige of a status is unreasonably overestimated or, on the contrary, underestimated, it is sometimes said that there is a loss of balance between statuses. A society in which there is a tendency to lose such balance cannot function normally.

It is necessary to distinguish between prestige and authority.

Definition 2

Prestige is an assessment by society of the social significance of a certain status, which is enshrined in culture and public opinion.

Definition 3

Authority is the degree to which society recognizes the merits of an individual, that is, a specific person.

Each person can have a large number of social statuses. First of all, a person’s social status influences her behavior. If you know the social status of an individual, you can easily determine a greater number of qualities that are characteristic of him, as well as predict the actions that he can carry out. This expected human behavior, associated with the status that he has, is usually called a social role.

Definition 4

A social role is a behavioral model focused on a certain status.

A social role is a pattern of behavior that is considered appropriate for people of a certain status in the society in question.

Roles are determined by people's expectations, but each person, depending on specific circumstances, accumulated life experience and other factors, performs a social role in their own way.

When claiming this status, a person must fulfill all the role requirements assigned to a certain social position. Each person is characterized by not one, but a whole spectrum of social roles that he plays in society. The totality of all human roles in society is called a role system or role set.

Stratification systems around the world

In all societies, a person's social status is the result of both ascribed and achieved characteristics. In this process, societies differ markedly along several dimensions: the attributes that are used to assign status, the relative importance of attributes ascribed or achieved, the overall potential for social mobility, the degree of mobility that actually occurs, and barriers to particular subgroups using services. Vertical mobility.

Sociology, tickets 1-24 / 8 Ticket. The concept of social status. Social role

Ticket 8. The concept of social status. Social role

Social status of a person

- this is the social position that he occupies in the structure of society, the place that the individual occupies among other individuals.

Each person simultaneously has several social statuses in different social groups.

Types of social status

1. Natural status
   . As a rule, the status received at birth is unchanged: gender, race, nationality, class or estate.
2. Acquired status.
   A position in society achieved by a person himself. What a person achieves in the course of his life with the help of knowledge, skills and abilities: profession, position, title.
3. Prescribed status.
   The status that a person acquires regardless of his desire (age, status in the family), it can change over the course of his life.

The totality of all the statuses a person currently possesses is called a status set

Natural status of personality

– significant and relatively stable characteristics of a person: man, woman, child, youth, old man, etc.

Professional and official status

is a social indicator that records the social, economic and production position of a person in society. (engineer, chief technologist, workshop manager, HR manager, etc.)

Social role

- this is a set of actions that a person occupying a given status in the social system must perform.

Moreover, each status involves performing not one, but several roles. A set of roles, the fulfillment of which is prescribed by one status, is called a role set

The systematization of social roles was first developed by Parsons, who identified five grounds on which a particular role can be classified:

1.Emotionality.

Some roles (for example, nurse, doctor or police officer) require emotional restraint in situations that are usually accompanied by violent expression of feelings (we are talking about illness, suffering, death).

2.Method of receipt.

How to get a role:

• prescribed (roles of man and woman, young man, old man, child, etc.);
• achieved (the role of a schoolchild, student, employee, employee, husband or wife, father or mother, etc.).

3.Scale.

By the scale of the role (that is, by the range of possible actions):

• broad (the roles of husband and wife involve a huge number of actions and varied behavior);
• narrow (roles of seller and buyer: gave money, received goods and change, said “thank you”).

4.Formalization.

By level of formalization (officiality):

• formal (based on legal or administrative norms: police officer, civil servant, official);
• informal (that arose spontaneously: the roles of a friend, “the soul of the party,” a merry fellow).

5.Motivation.

By motivation (according to the needs and interests of the individual):

• economic (the role of the entrepreneur);
• political (mayor, minister);
• personal (husband, wife, friend);
• spiritual (mentor, educator);
• religious (preacher);

The normal structure of a social role usually has four elements:

1) description of the type of behavior corresponding to this role;

2) instructions (requirements) associated with this behavior;

3) assessment of the performance of the prescribed role;

4) sanctions - the social consequences of a particular action within the framework of the requirements of the social system. Social sanctions can be moral in nature, implemented directly by a social group through its behavior (contempt), or legal, political, or environmental.

The same person performs many roles, which may be contradictory and inconsistent with each other, which leads to role conflict.

Social role conflict –

it is a contradiction either between normative structures of social roles or between structural elements of a social role.

Preview:

1. Write the concepts: Social group – , Ethnicity –, Atheist-, Humanism-, Family-, Marriage – , Social status – , Social role – , Social mobility-
2. Give examples: Small social group –, Large social group –
3. Match:

A) caste 1) Rights and obligations are fixed in laws and are inherited

B) Estate 2) Ownership of means of production

B) Class 3) The entire lifestyle and activities are inherited

n>Write the main types of ethnic groups in the order of their appearance.....
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Sources used:

• https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/socio/3966/status
• https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ruwiki/1106893
• https://ioedu.ru/2020/03/24/test-po-obshhestvoznaniyu-soczialnye-statusy-i-roli-dlya-8-klassa/
• https://ru.qaz.wiki/wiki/achieved_status
• https://nsportal.ru/shkola/obshchestvoznanie/library/2016/12/10/kontrolnaya-rabota-za-1-polugodie-7-klass

Max Weber's Three Dimensions of Stratification

German sociologist Max Weber developed a theory according to which stratification is based on three factors, called the "three pillars of stratification": property, prestige and power. He argued that social stratification is the result of the interaction of wealth (class), prestige status (or in the German charter

) and the authorities (party).

• Prestige is an important factor in determining one's place in the stratification system. Owning property does not always guarantee power, but it is common to find people with prestige and little property.
• Property refers to material possessions and one's life chances. If someone controls property, that person has power over others and can use the property to their advantage.
• Power is the ability to do what one wants, regardless of the will of others. (Dominance, a closely related concept, is the ability to force the behavior of others to conform to one's commands.) This refers to two different types of power: having power and exercising power. For example, some people in charge of government have a lot of power but don't make much money.

Max Weber developed various ways of organizing society into hierarchical systems of power. These are social status, class power and political power.

• Class Power: This refers to unequal access to resources. If you have access to something that someone else needs, it can make you stronger than the person who needs it. Thus, the person with the resource has bargaining power over the other.
• Social status (social power): If you consider someone higher in society, that person will have power over you because you believe that person has a higher status than you.
• Political Power: Political power can influence hierarchical systems of government because those who can influence what laws are made and how they are enforced can exercise power over others.

There has been discussion about why Weber's three dimensions of stratification are more useful in defining social inequality than more traditional terms such as socioeconomic status.

Status group

Max Weber developed the idea of ​​the "status group", which is a translation of the German stand

(pl.
Stände
). Status groups are communities based on ideas of lifestyle and honor that the status group both affirms and is given by others. Status groups exist in the context of beliefs about relative prestige, privilege, and honor and can be either positive or negative. People in status groups are expected to interact only with people of the same status, and in particular, marriage within or outside the group is discouraged. Status groups may include professions, club organizations, ethnicity, race, and other groups that have characteristic associations.

Caste system

Castes are an example of a stratification structure based on assigned status.[8] Although each caste system works differently, usually each person is born into a particular caste, and the parents' caste usually determines the status of their children, regardless of ability or merit. The ranks of the caste system may include:

• priests and scientists
• rulers, warriors and those involved in defense and administration
• traders, merchants and people involved in agricultural production
• laborers, servants
• those involved in the slaughter of animals or the disposal of wastewater

further reading

• Botton, Alain De (2004), Hamish Hamilton
• Michael Marmot (2004), Times Books
• Social status. (2007). In Encyclop Britdia Britannica. Retrieved October 17, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online:
• Stark, Rodney (2007). Sociology
  (10th ed.). Thomson Wadsworth. ISBN 978-0-495-09344-2.
• Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste, translated by Richard Nice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1984.
• Weber, Max (2015) "Classes, Stände, Parties", pp. 37–58 in Weber's Rationalism and Modern Society: New Translations of Politics, Bureaucracy and Social Stratification,
  edited and translated by Tony Waters and Dagmar Waters. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

How to improve your social status

People with low social status are most often aggressive against their environment:

• They take any negative statement personally and try to defend themselves;
• It seems to them that threats await them everywhere, which leads to the development of suspiciousness and anxiety;
• They are unattractive for communication, they have few friends and problems in their personal lives.

It is common for humans to want to improve their social status. You need to start with developing your abilities and professional skills. Only an educated person is able to climb the social ladder. It is necessary to be sociable and pleasant in communication. A person who enjoys power and respect cannot speak rudely using a limited vocabulary. Of course, there are exceptions to this rule. But do not forget about the culture of communication and business etiquette

Appearance must also correspond to status; this is an important link in creating an image. This means you need to understand where you can come in casual clothes, and what event requires you to dress in a formal suit and wear a tie.

It is important to have an example of a successful person before your eyes - someone you want to emulate. It charges you with positivity and motivates you to work

Hard work, perseverance, and ambition will help you reach unprecedented heights. The main thing is to purposefully complete the assigned tasks without being distracted by trifles.

Focus on the goal

Constantly working on yourself, improving your skills, obtaining additional education, and expanding your social circle require a lot of time and effort. Don’t forget about your health, you need to control your diet, diet and give up bad habits. The condition of the body is the key to good health and success in all endeavors.

Resolving internal conflicts

Often, conflict between roles leads to internal rivalry, which takes up a lot of time and energy. For example, during a natural disaster, a rescuer will first go to help his own family, adhering to the role of parent and spouse. Only after making sure his family is safe does it come time to serve.

The same applies to dealers selling alcohol or other drugs. As a parent, he does not want his child to be poisoned by this filth, but as a businessman, he cannot resist the sweet call of profit. Types of social status differ in the significance they have for their owner. The most important thing is to choose the role that is the main one at the moment, thereby eliminating the underlying internal contradictions that arise.