Conditions for successful socialization of a preschool child

Factors of successful socialization

Socialization is a complex process that occurs under the influence of a fairly large number of diverse factors. Thus, in modern science it is customary to distinguish several main groups of conditions (factors) of socialization:

1. Megafactors – cosmic factors, conditions of planetary significance, global trends and factors;
2. Macro factors - the state of the state, ethnicity and its characteristics, attitudes in society, and in general the country’s place on the world stage;
3. Mesofactors - the type of settlement in which a person is located and undergoes his socialization, QMS, the presence of a subculture and the role of the individual who is being socialized in it;
4. Microfactors are a person’s family, neighbors who surround him and can influence his mental state and worldview. This should also include peer groups, educational organizations, various organizations of various significance: public, state, religious and private organizations, counter-social organizations that have a deviant influence on society. The factor of microsociety and its condition cannot be excluded.

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We offer to become the author of the Directory. Working conditions. Means of socialization can be very different, and depend on the area they belong to. This may also be the method that the mother uses to feed the baby and subsequently care for him. Researchers include among the means of socialization the everyday and hygienic skills that are being formed, the products of material (mass) culture that surround a person, and the elements of spiritual culture that are instilled in a person. It is important to take into account the style of communication, its content, how dialogue is built in the family, and how it is subsequently maintained. It is often said that for the successful socialization of a person it is necessary to show him respect, even if he is still small. The child feels everything, and the behavior model is subsequently transferred to his communication with peers and other members of society.

Based on the so-called subject-object approach, the process of socialization and its conditions should be considered as a complex formation that has a serious impact on human development and its direct self-change in the process of assimilation of cultural elements and their subsequent reproduction. Living conditions can lead him to spontaneity, or they can be strictly aimed at a specific result.

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Socialization results

In the process of socialization, social norms, values ​​and requirements move into the internal plane and become the basis of human behavior. In the process of socialization, there is interaction between the individual and society, coordination of mutual requirements and expectations. At the same time, the individual does not simply assimilate and reproduce social patterns; on the contrary, in the course of socialization, the actualization of its capabilities, potentials, expansion and deepening of self-awareness is carried out, i.e. personality development occurs.

Indicators of successful socialization of an individual are:

1. Inclusion of the individual in the system of social relations.
2. Expanding and deepening the individual’s connection with people and various spheres of society.
3. Mastery of social experience, its appropriation and transformation into one’s own values, attitudes and orientations.
4. Active activity of the individual with his active involvement in the social sphere.
5. Active reproduction of the system of social connections.

It should be emphasized that the main vector of socialization is a positive focus on morality and law. Deviation has the opposite direction - the deviation of the subject’s behavior from social norms.

Mechanisms of socialization

The assimilation of social norms and rules is carried out through socio-psychological mechanisms of socialization, which include suggestion, mental infection, imitation, identification, conformity, stereotyping, social assessment, reference group, authority, popularity, prestige, role prescriptions, social and group expectations - expectations , directed at the subject by society and the group to which he belongs. At different age stages, different mechanisms of socialization are dominant.

Types of socialization

There are 2 phases:

1. Primary
   – covers the periods from the birth of a child to adulthood. The process is influenced by family, relatives in a direct ascending and descending line - the foundation for the further formation of personality. Then preschool and school institutions are affected, children have to deal with large groups and behave in accordance with the new rules.
2. Secondary (resocialization)
   – eliminating old reflexes and acquiring unusual patterns of behavior. Examples are emigration, acquiring a new religion, acquiring a higher social status. This period lasts from maturity to old age.

Types of socialization:

1. Group - the desire to imitate the norms of behavior of the group where the individual spends the most time.
2. Gender – learning the roles of men and women; in childhood, girls learn to behave femininely, and boys learn to behave masculinely.
3. Organizational – acquiring the skills and knowledge required to perform certain tasks at work.
4. Early – testing potential social relationships. An example is the mother-daughter game among children.

Examples of human socialization in society

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Sociologists define socialization as the accumulation of experience and attitudes that meet certain requirements of society.

Examples:

• when a small child begins to actively interact with peers, he begins to clearly understand that there are other people’s things that cannot be touched;
• At school, children learn the rules of behavior in a team, to treat classmates with respect, and to listen to the teacher;
• young people understand that they need to earn their own living, and for this they need to choose a path in life, go to university.

Man is a biosocial being; for adequate behavior and harmonious development, he masters the rules of personality socialization. The process of acquiring skills lasts from birth to old age, while the acquired skills are constantly supplemented with new ones.

Socialization functions

Socialization plays an important role for both the individual and society. The main functions of socialization are the following:

• For the individual : a comprehensive, time-extended entry into the objective world - a separate part of society, a family or other community. Socialization makes it possible to understand oneself and interpret the behavior of other people, and interact with others.
• For society : socialization is one of the factors of normal reproduction of society. Despite the fact that people are constantly born and die, socialization makes it possible for society to reproduce itself and is a condition for the preservation and development of social culture.

Agents of the process of personality development

Agents of Socialization

- certain people and institutions that are responsible for educating them into the norms of behavior in society - the main source for mastering social roles.

Forms of the process of personality formation

The concept of socialization includes 2 main components.

Adaptation

– the ability of a subject to adapt to certain conditions of society.

Integration

– the ability to integrate into a specific society.

Based on this, 2 forms of socialization are distinguished:

1. Undirected - social qualities are formed spontaneously as a result of a person being in a favorable or unfavorable environment.
2. Directed. This is an impact program that is specially created by society to form an adapted personality with certain interests and goals.

Both forms are not mutually exclusive; they often agree with each other or contradict each other. When there is a discrepancy, conflict situations arise; they complicate and impede the process of socialization in modern society.

Upbringing

– a vivid example of directed socialization.

Definition of socialization

In short, in psychology, socialization refers to the process of a person acquiring personal and social qualities in the course of various types of activities, the individual’s ability to adapt and participate in public life.

The meaning of the concept in social science:

• mastering generally accepted rules and patterns of behavior (starts from the day of birth and continues throughout life);
• degeneration from a biological being into an individual with a set of significant qualities characteristic of the entire social structure;
• the entire path of evolution of human behavior and abilities that society has gone through throughout its existence.

Socialization involves acquiring the necessary skills and development in:

• industries serving the basic needs of the population;
• physical sphere;
• creative, cognitive, theoretical, empirical, divergent, convergent, sanogenic and pathogenic types of thinking.

The formation of personality is both the transfer of information and perception, the assimilation of experience and the rules of society, which cannot be created artificially.

Table: “How psychological schools and directions reveal the essence of the term”

All about asocialization: successful and unsuccessful socialization

Personal development is not always successful; problems often arise from which no one is immune.

Asocialization (social maladaptation) is the adoption of exclusively antisocial rules, negative actions, directions and stereotypes of thinking. All this provokes a change in public relations and a loss of stability.

There are 2 more terms associated with this problem.

1. Desocialization is the loss by an individual of social experience for some reason, which affects his life activity, the possibility of self-realization and existence. The problem in adolescents is often provoked by an unfavorable microenvironment. As a result, there is a disintegration of former norms and the comprehension of new antisocial values ​​and patterns of behavior.
2. A lag in socialization is a delay in an individual’s mastery of positive rules and tendencies that are assigned by society to a certain period of personality formation. Over time, it can provoke a craving for negative norms, or complete submission to the will of antisocial elements.

Important!
Successful and unsuccessful socialization are extreme states that are rare. With completely successful socialization, the individual would strictly follow all social rules and fully agree with any aspects of social life. Such a person is completely satisfied with his position in society.

Absolutely unsuccessful socialization means that a person completely ignores all, without exception, the rules and regulations that social life dictates. This condition occurs only in people with severe mental disorders.