Personality criteria: how do you know how mature you are?

The issue of determining the level of personality formation and the stages of its development remains quite controversial. Various concepts are put forward, the focus of which is on the various components of the personality structure and the degree of their formation. Thus, according to some researchers, the level of personality development is directly proportional to the degree of its socialization. On this basis, the criteria of a formed personality are considered as criteria of socialization.

C. G. Jung associated the formation of a mature personality with a person’s willingness to accept responsibility for his actions, to realize the possible consequences of his actions through their projection and subsequent evaluation. A similar opinion was expressed by K. Rogers. Only from his point of view, the responsibility of the individual is closely related not only to awareness, but also to the freedom to be oneself, to manage one’s own life, to make one’s own choices, etc.

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In modern psychological science, other concepts are proposed that describe in more detail the criteria for personality development.

Concept by L. I. Bozhovich

From the point of view of the outstanding Soviet psychologist, student of Lev Vygotsky - L. I. Bozhovich, it is possible to identify two key criteria for a formed personality.

According to the first criterion, a person can be considered a person only if his motives are characterized by a certain hierarchy, that is, the person’s volitional efforts are sufficient to overcome some motives, giving preference to others. If a person has this quality, he is capable of indirect behavior. However, it is necessary to take into account that in case of indirect behavior, the motives with the help of which certain aspirations are given preference must be socially significant and justified, the very origin of these motives is socially conditioned, they are brought up in a person by society.

As the second necessary criterion for the formation of a personality, one must consider a person’s ability to consciously control his own behavior and manage it. This management is possible based on conscious motives-goals, beliefs and aspirations of the individual.

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The difference between the criteria is that the second presupposes a conscious subordination of motives. Only indirect behavior (without controlling motives; the first criterion) can be built on a spontaneously formed hierarchy of motives, that is, a person will not be aware of what exactly made him act in a certain way, but at the same time consider his behavior justified. So, although the second criterion also refers to mediated behavior, it is conscious mediation that is emphasized. It presupposes the presence of self-awareness as a special instance of personality.

Personality assessment criteria

If you are doing business or want to find worthy friends who you can rely on in difficult times, then you periodically ask yourself the following questions:

• What is most important when assessing a person?
• What are the most fundamental qualities in him?

Much depends on your goal setting, that is, what you consider important and valuable for yourself. For example, you may decide that the following criteria are important to you:

Temperament

This is a stable set of individual psychophysiological characteristics of a person associated with dynamic rather than meaningful aspects of activity. Temperament is closely related to character and has a strong influence on it.

Character

This is the structure of persistent, relatively permanent mental properties that determine the characteristics of relationships and behavior of an individual.

Socialization

Socialization means the ability to quickly and easily establish constructive relationships with others. A socialized person is more natural and open, but at the same time flexible, realistic and capable of resolving interpersonal conflicts.

Understanding others

A mature, formed personality is free from stereotypes and prejudices, capable of adequately assessing the surrounding reality and other people.

Such a person accepts people as they are, respects their originality and the right to be themselves.

Creative thinking

A very important quality of a developed personality is that she is able to face life's problems openly and flexibly, finding creative solutions to complex problems.

Mindfulness

This is a continuous monitoring of current experiences, that is, a state in which a person focuses on experiencing the present moment, without becoming involved in thoughts about past events or about the future.

A conscious person understands the consequences of his actions; he first thinks, then acts. She chooses her own reactions, what to feel, how to behave and how to think. Such freedom is achieved through prolonged mental exercise and reflection.

Integrity

This is internal harmony, when the physical, mental and spiritual-moral parts of life are inextricably linked. Integrity occurs when what you say, think and how you behave do not contradict each other. This is how a mentally healthy person should be.

Personal integrity is not given at birth, but is formed primarily under the influence of the external environment or in interaction with the external environment. It is achieved through enormous work on oneself, analysis of one’s psyche and self-reflection.

This does not mean that such a person is self-confident. He is aware of his shortcomings, but does not engage in flagellation, but methodically eradicates them. He develops his strengths and gets rid of his weaknesses.

G. Allport's concept

According to G. Allport, the components of the concept of a formed personality are its mental health, rationality and maturity. In accordance with this, the scientist proposes six main criteria for personality development.

1. Expansion of the self-concept, which begins to form in preschool age and expands based on a person’s direct experience. A special role in the development of self-concept is played by the activity of the individual and the purposefulness of his activities.
2. Strong social connections. A formed personality is able to realize itself as a participant in close relationships (marriage, friendship), can support them through conscious indirect behavior (that is, without giving preference only to unconscious motives of behavior that may be unacceptable for another person).
3. Self-acceptance and tolerance towards others. A formed personality manifests its own beliefs and worldviews, taking into account the beliefs, interests and feelings of the people around them, and at the same time understanding that the views of others may differ significantly.
4. Realistic perception, assessment of skills and task. A formed personality is able to focus on solving an objective problem, taking into account its own capabilities. The task at hand should relegate the satisfaction of secondary drives to the background. This criterion is directly related to responsibility - the existential ideal of a mature, formed personality. At the same time, the formed personality is in continuous interaction with the outside world.
5. Self-objectification. A mature personality is able to “be herself” in any situation; she is in harmony with her inner world, without playing any other roles.
6. Unity of ideological views. A formed personality has an idea of ​​his life purpose. A mature personality has a relatively clear self-image. This criterion is associated with the “maturity” of conscience.

Definition

A formed conscience is a feeling of duty to maintain one’s self-image in an acceptable form, to continue one’s chosen line of proprietary aspirations, and to create one’s own style of being. Conscience is a type of self-government.

It is important to note that the process of personality formation does not stop in adulthood. Moreover, it never ends, but always has a conscious or unconscious goal. Thus, the concepts of “personality formation” and “adulthood” are not synonymous. Also, within the framework of one paradigm, the problem of personality formation can be considered as a relationship between different levels of human organization: individual, personality, subject of activity.

INTRODUCTION

The relevance of the problem of personality is one of the central ones in psychology; according to one of the psychologists, the origins of man can only partially be understood and rationalized. The secret of personality, its uniqueness, is not fully understood by anyone. The human personality is more mysterious than the world. She is the whole world. It is important to understand and accept the peculiar principle of “unknowability to the end,” and this provision is especially significant in the practice of psychological assistance.

No one, not even the person himself, can fully understand and understand his personality. This state of uncertainty is the beginning of psychological help.

The purpose of this work is to study personality and its formation.

To achieve the goal, it is necessary to consider the following concepts in more depth:

— Personality

— Individual

— Individuality

— Criteria for a mature personality

— Personality structure and its orientation

— Personality formation

Concept by A. A. Rean

Summarizing the most well-known theories, the focus of which is the psychological analysis of the main criteria for personality formation, A. A. Rean suggests considering four basic criteria:

• responsibility;
• tolerance;
• self-development;
• positive thinking (positive perception of the world).

The last criterion is integrative; it is realized not only independently, but also being present in all the others.

According to the concept of A. A. Rean, the formation of personality is not limited to gaining autonomy and independence in decision making. The statement that personality formation is a process that has no logical conclusion and never stops indicates the infinity and unlimited possibilities of personality self-actualization. According to the researcher, in the process of its development, a person overcomes a long path, which includes, firstly, the formation of the ability for self-determination, self-government, and the subordination of some motives of activity to others (more socially significant); secondly, the successful implementation of existing forces, inclinations and resources; thirdly, the ability to overcome the limitations of one’s own self and actively master more global and significant values.

The process of personality formation is influenced by a significant number of factors, which include individual (mainly biologically determined) and age-related characteristics of a person, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of relationships with people around him (including in the family), success in professional activity (or lack thereof) ) etc. Thus, the process of personality formation cannot be uniform, and therefore changes in the nature of relationships at certain stages of life are progressive.

Bibliography

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Conclusion

Why is personal growth needed? To become an individual, to have your own independent point of view, to develop and achieve your goals. The peaks love brave conquerors. And even if these are not big peaks to begin with, but for them you need to be brave enough and ready to face obstacles on your way. Personal growth criteria will help you accept and understand many moments in your life; they need to be constantly developed and supported.

Only then will you be able to understand all your weaknesses, find places where you stumble and correct what prevented you from achieving what you want. Life doesn't change with a snap of your fingers, it takes a lot of time and work. Personal growth will help not only in self-development, but also in the growth of your professionalism.

The process of self-development will help you find pleasure in what you do, teach you to be strong and courageous, and find loopholes in any life tasks. This is a great opportunity to learn to perceive the world not as a bag of continuous problems, but as a space of limitless possibilities.

Topic: Personal growth, Self-realization

Objective tests

Objective tests are usually the most commonly used personality assessment tools, with projective tests. They assess various aspects: knowledge, abilities, attitudes, intelligence, etc. They usually have no time limit to achieve them and ask questions or explain different situations to a person so that they respond to what they will do personally and sincerely. There are also no right or wrong answers in this type of test.

Objective tests are widely used for diagnostic assessment and are often used in school settings. There are two types:

• Stocks: These are sheets containing many questions that measure personality variables. They demonstrate subjects' agreement or disagreement with statements. They can be controlled by a large number of people. Some of the most representative ones are MMPI, 16-PF, NEO-PI-R.
• Other tests, such as personality indicators. These tend to complement inventory type tests. These include measures of expressive behavior (how to walk, talk, write...), physiological variables (heart rate, reaction time...) or performance tests (problem solving, sum of numbers, definitions...).

Advantages of using this type of testing: Avoid response bias (always answer “B”) or social desirability (answer what is considered socially acceptable). They are also resistant to counterfeiting.

Personal questionnaires

Personality questionnaires ask a series of questions or statements that subjects must answer. It is about extracting from their responses the core personality and character traits of these subjects. In other words, there are no right or wrong answers. They reflect simply how the candidate is, how he behaves, his way of thinking or coping with different situations.

The items contained in the questionnaire do not have to be ordered or completed; each item can be interpreted individually. There are two types of questionnaires:

• generals they are trying to determine the characteristics of people outside of a clinical setting. In other words, they are designed to provide insight into personality profiles. They can be applied in many areas.
• clinics, they aim to determine the pathological characteristics of people in a clinical setting. They are designed to identify factors that cause a person to be at levels above or above what are considered normal and therefore render them unfit.

Projection tests

This type of testing should be supervised by a therapist as they require adequate preparation and training. They are usually used to know how the interlocutor sees, approaches and manipulates reality. As the name suggests, these are those tests that are used to ensure that a person projects his personality traits. Therefore they develop according to what each one has in him.

These are open, unstructured and highly reliable assessment tests. They consist of providing short and concise instructions to the person from which he will have to act freely. Thus, almost without realizing it, he shows its characteristics. His responses are manifestations of his structure and internal dynamics.

Types of Subjective Tests

• Completed Sentences: The person must complete the sentences that were presented to them. It also provides information about one's character in a particular situation.
• Describe inkblots: The most famous is the one developed by Hermann Rorschach. This is 10 sheets, 5 black and 5 colors. The professional's interpretation is based on the idea that the organization of the patient's insight structure reveals a projection of his personality structure.

• Drawing: The person will be asked to do something freely. The way personality is assessed is based on the formal characteristics of the design, such as paper slant, line intensity, size, structure, color, position. The best known is the Baka format (tree, person and house test). The Elizabeth Coppies Human Imagery Test is commonly used with children.
• Developing stories: It consists of writing or telling a story freely. One of the most used was the Murray Trait (Apperception Test), 31 sheets through which a person must tell a story.

As we can see, there are many ways to assess personality with its various factors, traits and variables. Professionals must be able to determine which method is most appropriate in each case and take into account the individual differences of each subject.

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Appraiser requirements

To conduct rigorous personality assessments, it is necessary to have appropriate theoretical training and supervised experience. In addition, the theoretical models underlying these assessments support professional assessments, so knowledge of them is necessary.

As for interpretation, assessment tests give us a profile of personality, but in any case there is no linear relationship between this profile and a pattern of appropriate behavior. In other words, not everyone who rates extraversion highly has to do so. Additionally, the same profile may suggest different personality types. Therefore it is important to be careful.