The concept that is covered by the word “socialization” includes the process of connecting with society. The whole essence of this phenomenon lies in the individual’s assimilation of values, roles and norms that are approved by the majority of people. The concept of “socialization” is opposed by two others. Their names are formed by adding prefixes. These are “desocialization” and “resocialization”. The first of these means processes in which a person internalizes antisocial and antisocial values and norms. At the same time, a person acquires negative attitudes and behavioral stereotypes. This leads to destabilization and deformation of public relations.
Mechanism of desocialization
Why does a person choose an antisocial path? At the initial stage, this happens unconsciously. Children and adolescents adopt the behavior patterns of those adults who lead an antisocial lifestyle. In doing so, they satisfy their desire to gain approval from this negative microenvironment. Moreover, in their opinion, this way they become adults faster. In this case, the negative microenvironment exercises social control over the individual. In this case, adolescents or children receive praise, approval and support if they have taken the path of antisocial behavior. Hard work, mercy and kindness in such an environment are simply ridiculed.
The entire process of desocialization sometimes occurs spontaneously. However, in some cases it is carried out purposefully. An example of this is instilling criminal behavior in adolescents to involve them in illegal activities. In this case, the mechanism of punishment and rewards is widely used.
Desocialization of children and adolescents
Primary socialization occurs within the family, in which children are raised and receive their first social skills and concepts of norms. If primary socialization occurs successfully, then the child becomes ready for secondary socialization at the level of groups, institutions and the entire state system. Desocialization of children and adolescents is often noted as a result of the improper upbringing they go through in their families.
Today there are many families who cannot provide a full and adequate education for their child. This leads to various social consequences:
- Drug addiction.
- Early motherhood.
- Alcoholism.
- Early sexual promiscuity.
- Illegitimate children.
- Crime.
- Domestic violence, etc.
A child grows up in a dysfunctional family and tries to resist, which sometimes takes on antisocial forms of behavior.
There are types of dysfunctional families that lead to desocialization of children:
- Pedagogically incompetent.
- Immoral.
- Conflict.
- Antisocial.
If a child is brought up in inhumane conditions within a family, then he will experience various deviations both at the physical and psychological levels. He is unable to adequately adapt to social life because he does not see a role model who would impart all the necessary skills.
A common feature of all children and adolescents living in dysfunctional families is desocialization (socialization disorder):
- Theft.
- Inability to adapt to a new, foreign, unfamiliar environment.
- Aggressiveness.
- Sexual activity.
- Laziness.
- Loss of interest in learning and work.
- Loss of values, morals and ethics.
- Lack of spirituality and desire for self-development.
- Having bad habits.
Correction path
Resocialization is applied to an individual who has taken an antisocial path of behavior by various state institutions of social control. This concept means a certain type of change that occurs in a person, which allows him to adopt a type of behavior that is radically different from the previous one. In this case, the prefix “re-” means the destruction and dismantling of negative values and norms that have been internalized by the individual. During this process, a person accepts those positive concepts that are approved by society.
Bottom line
Desocialization means a person’s refusal to accept socially accepted norms and rules in order to go to another, antisocial environment. This can happen either voluntarily or forced. For the most part, a person resorts to this form of development when he is unable to cope with the harsh living conditions in which he finds himself. As a result, he becomes maladapted, that is, an outcast from society.
If an adult must be responsible for his own decisions, then children and adolescents are victims of desocialization. They simply found themselves in an environment that was not conducive to their normal upbringing and development, which is what public organizations should deal with and eliminate.
Source: psymedcare.ru
Socialization.
Socialization is the process of an individual acquiring social qualities, skills, and abilities that allow him to live and work in society.
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Desocialization.
Desocialization - (the Latin prefix de means the absence or elimination of something) is the loss of a person for some reason of social experience.
The degree of desocialization can be of different levels : from mild disorientation in a certain situation to a complete loss of connection with the social environment.
There are many reasons : a long-term illness that isolated a person from his usual environment for a long time, extreme situations (for example, being in a concentration camp or mistakenly in a mental hospital), sometimes service in hot spots can affect this, and this is a mental illness.
Use of the term
The concept of “resocialization” is quite widely used not only by representatives of social psychology and sociology. This term is also mentioned by lawyers and teachers. It concerns social measures that are applied by society to people who have taken the criminal path.
In pedagogy, resocialization is the acquisition of new skills and values that should replace the old ones that are outdated or insufficiently learned. This entire process is directed towards individuals with various types of deviant behavior. The goal pursued by resocialization is the restoration of lost social status, as well as the reorientation of negative attitudes. The solution to this problem lies in the positive attitude of the pedagogically oriented environment towards the individual. “Resocialization of convicts” is a term used by lawyers when solving problems of penal policy. It applies to young people. It is noted that young subjects have a higher ability to resocialize than representatives of the older generation. For young people, this term may not mean the process itself, but its result.
Resocialization in childhood
The process of socialization is characterized by its vastness and infinity. In fact, throughout a person's life. It is particularly intense in childhood, while as one grows older, this characteristic begins to predominate in resocialization.
It should be noted that resocialization in childhood also has its own characteristics. Moreover, these features are quite important for the future life of the baby. First of all, attention is drawn to the fact that for an adult, resocialization is an adjustment of external behavior and accompanying attitudes, while for a child it is the formation of his specific value guidelines.
We should not forget that an adult is capable of analysis and evaluation, defining for himself some kind of subjective concept of “norm” that accompanies him throughout his life. The baby does not have this ability, therefore, during secondary socialization, he is unable to form a personal concept of norms, but only accepts those that come from his parents and educators.
In adolescence, the process of resocialization is no less important. It consists not only of instilling in a teenager the ability to accept various social roles and functions, but also the adjustment of previously failed or forgotten social skills, morality, the ability to communicate and form relationships, and social connections. Resocialization carried out in educational institutions also has its own specifics. It must necessarily be structured taking into account the individuality of each child, identifying the specifics of their upbringing and possible missed social skills. At the same time, the most important tool in the process of resocialization of a child or adolescent is a constant emphasis on their positive qualities and strengths.
Who carries out resocialization?
The entry of an individual onto the path of antisocial development is recorded by institutions that exercise social control. At the same time, they can also take appropriate resocialization measures. This process involves educational, military and labor groups, schools and families, public organizations, as well as law enforcement agencies represented by their preventive structures. Often, the resocialization of an individual is carried out without imprisonment. However, if a person commits a socially dangerous act, more stringent measures may be taken against him. In this case, by a court verdict, he is sent to prison. At the same time, resocialization is a certain stage designed to restore the socially useful connections of the individual with society. During this process, asocial roles and behavior must be destroyed, and positive patterns of social values must be consolidated. The special institutions that carry out the process of resocialization in this case are the following:
— educational and labor colonies where minors are kept;
— corrective labor colonies;
- prisons.
The main task that these social institutions are designed to solve is the re-education and correction of convicts, that is, resocialization.
Approaches to understanding socialization
Definition 1
Socialization in the most general form is understood as the process of a person’s assimilation of social experience, its subsequent transformation into personal values, intentions, behavioral patterns, and orientations.
This process is two-way, has a pronounced subject-subject character, and during its implementation, the mutual influence of society on the individual and the individual on society is noted.
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The course of socialization depends on numerous economic, political, social, historical, cultural, and technological factors.
In general, there are two main periods of socialization:
- primary, which begins from the moment the child is born and ends by the age of 18, during which the individual becomes an individual, an active member of society;
- secondary, which lasts throughout the rest of the individual’s life.
Socialization, therefore, is a continuous, permanent, social process.
The severity of the problem
The topic of resocialization is associated not only with those who have committed criminal acts. It also applies to other categories of people. Thus, the resocialization of drug addicts, patients, as well as those who have experienced stress during natural disasters, military operations or accidents is of great importance for society.
Such people need not only social assistance. To carry out the normal process of resocialization, psychotherapy and psychocorrection (auto-training, etc.) will be needed. Social adaptation of such people should not be expected unless the emotional tension of the individual is relieved.
Psychological addictions and getting rid of them through resocialization
The psychological dependence of alcoholics , drug addicts, and gambling addicts has not only a social background. In many ways, it is a consequence of injuries received by a person during his life. Having pulled the addicted person out of his usual environment, the Rehabilitation Center and its staff take on the difficult task of providing their patients with the opportunity to return to normal life without heavy psychostimulants. But it’s not enough to just stop taking prohibited and dangerous substances, you also need to adapt to new living conditions in society.
The more intense the interaction with the outside world during the period of resocialization, the more successful the procedure for integrating a person into new living conditions will be. It is worth paying attention to the fact that psychologists help to vary the intensity of communication with the surrounding society at this stage. Depending on the success of a particular patient, options are offered for partial residence in the Center, with work outside of it, or any other acceptable methods, including the use of special social dormitories for those who are already halfway through recovery from an addiction. We invite you to take a step towards a life without addiction now or help your loved one do this. Call and sign up for a consultation!
Collective support is an incredibly important part of the rehabilitation program. It is at this stage that you can be inspired by the positive results of those who are also trying to return to normal life in society or have already been able to do so. Group discussion of successes and failures not only provides the necessary support, but also provides opportunities for effectively finding your own path in life. It is at this stage that you can find hobbies and new friends, form a social circle that will provide optimal conditions for completely refusing to return to harmful habits. Once formed, psychological dependence will not disappear on its own. You can and should work to get rid of it, achieving the desired results both in individual sessions with specialists and in a group, side by side with other people who have similar difficulties.
Resocialization work
Social rehabilitation in Western European countries is carried out by relief societies and various foundations, the Salvation Army, the Church, etc. Similar work in Russia is carried out by rehabilitation centers. In this regard, there is a need for the accelerated development of a humanistic psychology that would be focused on the needs of this social practice.
It is worth saying that the need for social adaptation exists for almost every person. Moreover, positive results appear only when emotional stress is relieved.
How does the resocialization of drug and alcohol addicts proceed?
During the period when the patient leaves the hospitable walls of the Rehabilitation Center, he gets the opportunity to test the acquired knowledge and skills in practice. During resocialization, drug and alcohol addicts will have to go through the following stages:
- The transition from communication with a limited number of people - Center employees, other participants in the rehabilitation program to life in society, everyday, everyday contacts with the outside world. For individuals who have lost basic communication skills, this can often become incredibly difficult. Even simple attempts to apply for document restoration or buy groceries in a store turn out to be akin to an ordeal.
- Restoring relationships with family members. In this case, we are often talking about codependency, in which the help of psychologists is required for everyone who finds themselves in close emotional contact with people who abuse psychoactive substances.
- Improving quality of life. Restoration of previous professional skills or retraining, giving a chance for new creative, social realization. As part of individual rehabilitation programs, people with addictions are introduced to sports, they acquire a hobby, a new, more prosperous social circle that provides the necessary support.
- Finding means and ways to release negative emotions without alcohol and drugs. Both group and individual psychological work in this case allow you to control your emotional state, teach self-discipline, instead of trying to escape from the problems of real life.
- Application in practice of all acquired knowledge about the disease, prevention of possible relapses. Before moving to outpatient rehabilitation, the patient goes a long way and gains real ground with which he can continue to lead a healthy, sober lifestyle without additional stimulants.
