Introspection. or how to understand yourself?

Self-analysis is a psychological technique that helps a person understand himself, study his own inner world, and understand the reasons for actions and reactions to certain life events. In self-analysis, a person’s existing experience, system of values and experiences plays a big role. But there are also obstacles that prevent high-quality self-analysis - projections, peculiarities of personal perception of facts, experiences.

Definition

Self-analysis is an analysis of one’s own experiences, actions, thoughts and needs. A person learns from the inside the depths of his own psyche and his inner world. Today, self-analysis is an integral part of psychotherapeutic and psychological work. Thanks to this process, it is possible to examine various types of neuroses and psychological traumas.

Very often, human memory refuses to accept and reproduce traumatic factors of the past. But apathy, melancholy and general dissatisfaction with life begin to put pressure on a person from all sides. This is how the psyche reacts to an event that the individual is unable to cope with. As a result, the psyche is divided into two parts, one of which goes into a “frozen” state, and the other tries to survive. And everything would be fine, but over time, psychosomatic disorders will begin to manifest themselves, and depression that suddenly appears out of nowhere will drive you into a dead end.

To return to a normal lifestyle, you need to work through old traumas and even completely harmless situations, after which unpleasant sensations could remain. This is where self-analysis comes into play.

Study of work activity

A person always strives to do exactly what he likes. Ideally, his hobby turns into a highly paid work activity.

Through self-analysis of work, an individual fuels interest in his type of activity and inspires others. After understanding the importance of his calling, he receives a dose of inspiration and the harmony everyone needs, and develops an incentive to continue to develop.

There is a huge collection of similar articles on the Internet, where teachers, doctors and other representatives of professions talk about their thoughts about their work. If you wish, you can read or write your own.

Goals

During self-analysis, a feeling of resistance may arise that requires working through.

At such moments, it is important to understand that temporary deterioration is part of the process of self-discovery. During the disclosure of suppressed, traumatic situations, a person always feels anxiety

The main goal of introspection is to reveal emotions, needs and feelings previously hidden from consciousness. Only when confronted with the truth can a person free himself and begin to act.

In everyday life, self-analysis is needed primarily for self-realization. It helps you make responsible decisions and defend your positions.

Self-analysis of the lesson. Kinds

In pedagogy, it is customary to distinguish several types of lesson self-analysis. The samples for writing them have a similar basic structure, the only difference is in the description of the main component of the entire lesson.

So, what are they - the main types of introspection:

Brief. The teacher gives the lesson a general assessment, describing the goals, objectives and results of implementation.

Phased. Here you need to analyze each element of the lesson and their relationship with other stages of the lesson.

Structural-temporal. The teacher analyzes the amount of time spent on a particular stage of the lesson and rationalizes the use of the allotted time. He is trying to understand whether the homework check was delayed or whether little attention was devoted to the practical application of the acquired knowledge.

Combined. The teacher must evaluate the didactic goals of the lesson and its structural elements.

Didactic. This lesson self-reflection approach examines the methods and techniques used to achieve the didactic goal.

Aspectual. A detailed analysis of every aspect of the lesson is carried out. That is, the use of training materials, testing of knowledge, skills, abilities, etc.

Complete self-analysis. The teacher needs to conduct a didactic, aspect analysis, check the students’ knowledge of learning and evaluate the effectiveness of the lesson.

Psychological

An assessment is made of how much attention is paid to students and how individual work is progressing.

Complex. Consists of all the listed types of self-analysis of the lesson.

Tasks

Each person who decides to attend self-analysis classes faces a number of specific tasks:

Express yourself as fully and sincerely as possible.
Try to understand unconscious driving forces and how they affect life.
Learn to change attitudes that disrupt your relationship with yourself and the world around you.

Very often a person is faced with situations that force him to do something that he does not want at a particular moment. For example, you can often encounter an episode when a person succumbs to the persuasion of friends and goes to the cinema with them, although in fact at that particular moment he wants to read a book. It’s one thing if he promised to go to the cinema - his promises must be kept, even psychiatry gurus say this. And it’s completely different when a person follows the desires of other people. In this case, he abandons himself, his feelings and desires, which ultimately can turn into another psychosomatic disorder.

ABC analysis

The ABC model is one of the most well-known techniques in cognitive behavioral therapy, used to analyze thoughts, behavior and emotions. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is based on the assumption that a person's thoughts and attitudes influence their emotions and behavior. So, with the help of awareness and processing of “problematic” thoughts, you can change a person’s behavior and emotional state. A – Activitating Event/Activating Event, which is also called “Trigger”, B – Beliefs/Thoughts and Attitudes (thoughts occurring in response to an activating event ), C – Consequences/Consequences (how a person feels and behaves when he has these thoughts). Some sources also add D - action or G - goal.

Example:

Self-study and its methods

To begin with, it is worth understanding that self-study is the study of the unconscious in oneself.
You yourself act as a patient and a specialist, for example, a psychotherapist. The question arises: is it possible that a person himself, with his complexes, shortcomings and resistances, could objectively study himself and his character? The answer is simple - not only is it possible, but it is the basis of psychotherapy. Without working on yourself, it is impossible for a specific person to get help from anyone. Another question arises: which method of self-analysis is best to choose, which one is better? And also the answer is quite simple. There is no better school for personality self-diagnosis, there is your desire, and nothing more. Of course, there are many schools, and the main thing in them is not the method or school itself, but the ability to convey knowledge to a person and encourage him to achieve harmony with himself.

Here it is worth mentioning the school of Freud and the neo-Freudians. Recently, this direction of studying the unconscious from quite specific positions has become fashionable. I think we should trust neither the Freudians nor the neo-Freudians any more than other schools. Undoubtedly, sexual attraction plays a significant role on the personality and its actions, but it is unlikely that this role is the dominant one. But here, as they say, it’s a matter of taste.

An example from my life

During my school years, I played sports, often watched sports stars on TV, and wanted to become the same. I was also attracted by the way famous musicians and actors are greeted; many people recognize them, want to take a photo as a souvenir, and often ask for an autograph. Then it seemed to me that striving for fame was my personal desire, and therefore it did not leave me for a long time even after school. I wanted to become a rich and famous person, but fame attracted me more.

Over time, I noticed that the desire to become rich increased, and the desire for fame became less. But later I understood why this happened.

As I later realized, I was attracted not by fame itself, but by the opportunities it brings. Later, I was attracted to the idea of becoming rich, but my true desire was to gain the opportunities that wealth brings. This is comfort, safety, a sense of calm.

What is a good life?

Probably, when most modern people hear the word “learn to live,” they think of “live well, become rich,” and so on. But that's not true. Or rather, not quite like that. Wealth, fame and other illusory elements of “the height of happiness” turn out to be not so happy after all. Quite the opposite. All this makes a person’s life so difficult that most rich people dream of being happy. Because they are definitely not identical to each other.

The psychological aspect of the attitude towards what is called “happiness” is a thing so deep and individual that it is quite difficult to describe it.

My task is not to give everyone happiness, my task is for you to find it yourself with my help. And to do this, you must first find yourself.

A professional psychotherapist, coaching or psychologist does not teach a person methods of increasing intelligence, talent and abilities. And so that the person himself can make himself more intelligent, talented or capable

And the objective level is not important here - what matters here is how much you yourself evaluate this level and how much your level will help you become happy, live in harmony with yourself

Automatic Thought Diary (Source: David Burns, Mood Therapy)

Helps overcome low self-esteem and feelings of unworthiness. This method deals with many unwanted emotions, including guilt. Write down the event that makes you feel guilty in the “Situation” column. For example: “I responded rudely to a colleague,” then “tune in” to the voice of the tyrant in your head and write down specific accusations that cause feelings of guilt. Finally, identify distortions and write down more objective thoughts. You will feel better.

10 distortions:

“all or nothing” is dichotomous thinking, it is also thinking in extremes.
overgeneralization - apply the result of one failure to all your abilities (I ALWAYS fail at nothing)
devaluation of the positive - complaining to the person who listens to you that no one in this world listens to you.
negative perception filter - makes a person focus only on the negative aspects of the situation. Although, as you know, there is nothing uniquely good and nothing uniquely bad in the world.
hasty conclusions are usually made in relation to people and their bad attitude towards us. A person is sure in advance that he will not be hired because his resume seems weak to him.
downplaying/exaggerating - exaggerating the size of a problem or downplaying good events.
emotional perception - “I feel insignificant”, “I feel like no one needs me”, “I feel like I’m a nobody and I won’t succeed.” But emotions do not indicate the real state of affairs.
“should” is the groundless acceptance of the “I must” attitude.
Labeling - after failure in one activity, you can conclude “I’m stupid.”
personalization - taking responsibility for all events, and the subsequent feeling of guilt.

Example:

Benefit

Self-analysis of the lesson helps the teacher look at the work from the outside, evaluate the pros and cons of his teaching activity. This is a kind of reflection that helps to highlight unaccounted for reserves, develop your own pedagogical style and form a professional credo.

Here everything happens exactly the same as in psychology. Only now the teacher needs to ask not “Who am I?”, but “What is the purpose of my actions?” Having decided on it, you can find effective ways to achieve it. Self-analysis is necessary for every person to become a better person. Only by realizing his abilities will he stop reshaping others to suit his ideas and become truly free, successful and happy, which, in fact, will be reflected in his professional activities.

Balance square

The sphere of life is entered on the left, and its level of development in your life is indicated on the right. The square can be filled out twice a month, or just summarize the month and then compare the changes. For each area, you should then write down actions that will help develop it. For example, the “work” area can be developed by: posting a resume, taking courses, participating in forums, etc.

Example:

Your feelings are the key

Let's get back to the basics of self-analysis. The main thing in the method of self-study of your subconscious is to reduce resistance as much as possible.

You must try to forget about your habits and addictions, treat yourself as if you were another person. You need to forget your feelings at the moment, and concentrate on your feelings earlier, at some specific moment

Your desire is important here. The higher the desire to comprehend oneself, the less resistance there should be

For example, you are experiencing suffering from breaking up with someone who was once close to you. You cannot fully sleep, work, communicate, and your thoughts are directed only at this.

In order to understand what happened to you, you must calm down and remember your feelings for this person who was once close to you at different stages. Remember how you felt when he gave you flowers, when you watched an interesting movie together, when you first quarreled because of your flirting at a party with your acquaintance. Remember how you read horoscopes and one of the horoscopes inspired you that you are supposedly “Aquarius”, and your loved one is “Cancer”, therefore “Aquarius” always flirts, and “Cancer” is closed and these two “signs” are incompatible. If you honestly and objectively try to conduct self-analysis, remember the words of your mother about your loved one. Remember that, in fact, you didn’t want to flirt with an acquaintance at a party, but the horoscope simply obliged you to behave in full accordance with your “sign”.

Go deeper into yourself:

How did you feel when you first met?
Fear of loneliness?
Fear of appearing fat?
Fear of bad breath in the morning when you got up later than usual and didn’t have time to brush your teeth?
What were your feelings when you were alone for the first time?

Resistance and your Self will definitely send you on the wrong track and force you to reject your attempt at introspection. Yes, your loved one is definitely overly jealous. After all, he must enter into your position, recognize your freedom.

Now imagine everything you felt in those moments, but from the point of view of an outside observer. How would you feel about another girl who openly flirts with an acquaintance at a party, knowing in advance that her significant other does not like it. And you will probably see that your behavior was not just ugly, but inappropriate and inappropriate. That your behavior was provoked by the nonsense that people invent and call “horoscope”. That these “horoscopes” contradict each other, because they are nothing more than a human invention due to fantasy and marketing...

We have superficially examined only the very first method of self-analysis of oneself and one’s behavior, and have given a superficial look at self-study. So that you understand what it is and in which direction you should go.

Next, we will consider with you what methods for self-analysis exist and what to choose specifically for you.

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How to understand yourself once and for all: practical advice from psychologists

To understand yourself, you need to learn a few simple points:

Stress is not only the cause of negative experiences, but also the driver. In the literal sense of the word. The engine of evolution, the engine of life, literally the engine of the body. He stimulates, motivates, drives actions. Light forms of stress are what tones and gives strength. The simplest example is a stressful state caused by hunger or cold. It moved ancient people and forced them to act and not give up;
There is no need to be zealous when delving into yourself; you cannot do this during periods of extreme tension. Breathing exercises can help. All people are, first of all, living organisms, the functioning of which is tied to uniform laws. To begin the journey within yourself in complete calm, just take a few deep breaths and exhale. This is a great way to return your “I” to the present, to reality, which will be a big plus in terms of the adequacy of any assessments and conclusions of reality;
When thinking about how to understand yourself, you need to realize that practice can help. Do you like books? It's time to discover a new genre. Are you interested in cooking? Then a new dish. Games? New licensed disc! These are just examples: the approach will work for any field of activity. If there are no tangible results, you should think about changing direction: replace games with books or books with cooking;
The search can lead to a dead end, especially if it becomes long and extended over time. But in the context of the topic of the article, any dead end is just a rather conditional and vague construct. Sometimes, instead of searching, it will be much more effective to move on to something that distracts, fills reality with meaning, and does not force you to understand yourself;
Analysis is not always good. The ability to “turn off” your head at the right time is a valuable skill. Especially when the desire to understand oneself cannot be satisfied for a long period.

Do you think that you are haunted by failures?

No! This is life and failures tend to appear on the path in life.

66.67%

Lately, yes, I seem to be haunted by failures

33.33%

Voted: 3

If the desire to plunge into oneself for analysis is caused by betrayal, there is no need to look for reasons “IN”; in this case, they are always “OUT”. The traitor makes a choice, the victim of betrayal does the same. And this choice should not be in favor of self-examination: there is no need to waste energy and time on a meaningless search for the truth.

Algorithms

It is not always necessary to analyze every aspect of a lesson. Much depends on the purpose for which the lesson was held: whether it was a festival, a lesson held as part of a week on a subject, or a lesson for a category. Self-analysis can be compiled based on simple algorithms of actions. For example, you can be guided by the following positions:

What is the pedagogical credo and how do lessons help you reflect it?
Explain the choice of lesson content and technology for conducting the lesson.
What methods and techniques were used in the lesson, evaluate their effectiveness.
What worked and didn’t work out.
What could be changed during the lesson. Are these changes necessary and why?

Form for recording situations according to CBT (Source: Romek, V. G. “Behavioral psychotherapy”)

Richard Lazarus, within the framework of cognitive behavioral therapy, suggested that the cause of failure or stress may be a lack of behaviors that ensure full mastery of social reality. Lazarus designated the lack of behavioral alternatives and behavioral skills as a “behavioral deficit.” To expand the behavioral repertoire, an important role is played by a person’s awareness of the limitations of his behavior, and then the derivation of new ways of responding to the same situation. Write down the disturbing situation point by point and figure out for yourself the most optimal way to behave in it. When the situation repeats, you will already have knowledge that will help you deal with the problem more effectively.

Items:

Time, place of the situation
Partner (interlocutor)
Partner actions
What is your typical behavior in this situation?
Possible alternatives, new behavior
Consequences of typical behavior (for self, family, relationship with partner, society)
Short-term
Long-term

Professor

Introspection is what most people perceive as depressive introspection. Although in reality this is a process that allows you to understand who a person really is

Is it important? Very much, because we know practically nothing about ourselves

One day, a professor was lecturing to students and, upon entering the classroom, immediately asked the question: “Who am I?” The students didn't know what to answer. The most daring of those present began to make assumptions: “professor”, “scientist”, “man”, “person”, etc. Some of the especially savvy ones brazenly declared that the professor was a nobody. When the options ran out, the professor explained that these were nothing more than the roles he played in society.

Each person has many roles: to be a parent, director, man (woman), etc. But this is not the person himself. If you start to sift out these roles that you have to play every day, then it is likely that underneath them the person will turn out to be a nobody. In order not to end up as an empty place with a certain role set, you need to learn to ask yourself questions and find answers. The simple question “Who am I?”, which rarely anyone thinks about, is the essence of self-analysis. This is a process that helps a person understand who he really is.

How and where to start self-analysis in order to understand yourself: the main stages

If a moment comes when the mind is completely occupied by the desire to understand oneself, you need to start acting. All questions have answers, sometimes they lie on the surface, literally “in front of your nose.”

Speaking about introspection, it is important to note that this is primarily a process aimed at knowing oneself, at accepting the self, the deep center and at the same time the expression of psychological integrity. Both knowledge and acceptance are simple.

In general, self-analysis can be represented as a combination of a number of stages. They are:

Identifying the source of concern.

The most important question concerns the reasons. What leads to the desire in question: relationships with a lover or lover, relationships with family, things at work, lack of success in a hobby, or something else? Trite, but effective: sometimes a piece of paper and a pen are enough. It is necessary to write down the points - these are the factors that cause the most trouble and cause anxiety. A good solution would be to arrange the items in order from more problematic to less problematic.

This approach will allow, at the first stage of self-analysis, to identify areas that need to be addressed. Areas that need to be worked on within yourself. It may even turn out that the reasons lie “OUTSIDE” and not “IN”.

Do you often dream about something that will certainly never come true?

Yes, I understand that, but I like to feel like it came true

75%

No, I think that by doing this I am only poisoning myself

25%

Voted: 4

Sorting problems.

And again we need to return to the list. From it you can safely cross out those problems that cannot be influenced or are provoked by outsiders. It may seem that a person is omnipotent and omnipotent, but this is not so: there are always boundaries and completely objective barriers that cannot be overcome. You shouldn't jump over your head. Taking responsibility for something beyond your control or intervention is a bad decision. Moreover, it is not worth digging for yourself.

At this stage, according to the practice of psychologists, the list of reasons is reduced by an average of 40-50%.

Honesty.

The next stage is making a decision to be completely honest with yourself.

A person who deceives himself makes two mistakes: he begins to believe in unreal things and delays the moment of solving a specific problem. Yes, you can inspire yourself with any thought, draw any reality in your head, but sooner or later the realization will come that the reality is different. In addition, life in a fictional world can provoke the development of serious disorders.

To be frank with yourself means to evaluate your own advantages and disadvantages objectively and adequately to reality. This is the right step on the path to self-knowledge.

Are you often in a good mood?

No! I am always positive and sadness is alien to me

Very often, everything irritates me lately

33.33%

I'm a living person and sometimes I can be in a bad mood

33.33%

I forgot what a good mood is

33.33%

Voted: 3

Systematic movement towards the goal.

This is the final stage of reflection: it is important to realize that only gradual movement towards the goal will give the best results. When understanding yourself, you should not strive to get everything at once. Self-analysis is a lengthy process and can take a long time.

It is not enough to snap your fingers to get all the answers. Life will not get better in 1-2 days: sometimes solving difficult problems, in particular those related to searching for something within oneself, requires colossal efforts. And at this stage they will need to be applied.

By understanding yourself, you need to gain confidence. Believing in your own strengths is half the success. All problems can be solved, and most difficulties are caused by internal barriers and attitudes. By discovering and working through them, you can change any situation. Self-analysis and faith are the key to success.

Self-analysis of the lesson on the Federal State Educational Standard. Sample

Beginning teachers often struggle when it comes to charting out lesson self-reflection and writing it. Therefore, it would not be amiss to provide a sample of self-analysis, or rather, a plan according to which it can be written:

Indicate the topic of the lesson.
Provide a brief description of the class. That is, indicate the total number of children, the number of strong and weak students, what psychological characteristics of the students were taken into account during the lesson.
Indicate the type of lesson according to the Federal State Educational Standard.
Indicate the universal learning activities (ULA) planned for the lesson and the methods for their formation.
List the methods and forms chosen for each educational stage. Describe why this choice was made and what results were expected from it.
Formulate the main stage of the lesson and how other parts of the lesson work towards it.
Analyze the rationality of allocating time.
What visual and didactic materials were used during the lesson.
Monitor the level of learning knowledge (at what stage of the lesson was conducted and in what form).
Evaluate the result of the lesson. Were the goals achieved? What is the reason for possible difficulties?

Descartes Square - Decision Making

Descartes square helps to establish meaningful selection criteria and evaluate the consequences of any decision option. For each question you need to give as many answers as possible. All your answers need to be written down - the human subconscious works in such a way that it ignores the “not” particle, which is why there is a high probability of making mistakes. The process of writing down answers will convert mental arguments into logical letter form, which will greatly help you in making a decision.

Answer 4 questions regarding one situation:

What will happen if this happens?
What happens if this does NOT happen?
What will NOT happen if this happens?
What will NOT happen if this does NOT happen?